西方自由民主的理论张力与实践落差  

Western Liberal Democracy:Theoretic Tension and Practical Deviation

作　　者：林冈[1] Lin Gang(School of International and Public Affair,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学国际与公共事务学院,上海200030

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第3期90-105,共16页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大项目“党的十八大以来党领导贯彻‘一国两制’和推进祖国统一的实践与经验研究”(22ZDA123)。

摘　　要：西方自由民主的理论张力源于学界对古希腊直接民主思想和近代自由主义的不同理解以及对法治、多数统治和自由与平等三项原则的价值取舍,由此派生出不同的民主模式之争。法治民主、精英民主和多元民主模式属于自由民主理论的概念范畴,这些模式满足于形式上的政治平等,不强调根本改变经济和社会资源的不平等分配。参与民主、审议民主和社群民主等西方非主流观点则认为只有实现经济平等或培植共同体意识,才有可能实现真正的政治平等。从西方国家对不同政府制度和政党制度的采纳,可以看到对上述民主原则和自由民主不同模式的价值偏好。但许多奉行新自由主义的民主国家未能解决日益恶化的贫富分化问题,反映出经济自由主义与政治平等主义的内在冲突。The theoretic tension within Western liberal democracy is derived from different understandings of ancient Greek ideas of direct democracy and modern liberalism,as well as value trade-offs among the three principal principles of the rule of law,the majority rule,and liberty and equality.This has stimulated a theoretic debate about different models of democracy.Models of juridical democracy,elitist democracy and pluralistic democracy fall on the conceptual category of liberal democratic theory,which are content with formal political equality without thinking of the fundamental changes in the unequal distribution of economic and social resources.The Western nonmainstream views of participatory democracy,deliberate democracy and communitarian democracy believe that true political equality can be obtained only by realizing economic equality or cultivating a sense of community identity.The adoption of different governmental and party systems in Western democratic countries reflects their value preferences for the above-mentioned various democratic principles and liberal democratic models.However,many neoliberal democracies have failed to reduce the worsening polarization of the rich and the poor.This reflects the internal conflict between economic liberalism and political egalitarianism within the theory of liberal democracy.

关 键 词：自由民主 民主模式 政府制度 新自由主义 经济平等 

分 类 号：D034[政治法律—政治学] D082