提高电火花微小孔加工质量的研究进展  

Research progress on improve quality of micro-hole processed by electrical discharge machining

作　　者：王文成 李丽[1] 刘在超 刘宪福 白雪[1] 臧珉 张慧明 WANG Wencheng;LI Li;LIU Zaichao;LIU Xianfu;BAI Xue;ZANG Min;ZHANG Huiming(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学机械工程学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《兵器材料科学与工程》2023年第3期140-146,共7页Ordnance Material Science and Engineering

基　　金：山东省自然基金(ZR2018MEE025)。

摘　　要：电火花微小孔加工是电火花加工领域的一个重要方向。因其加工设备简单、加工精度高且无切削应力等优点,成为众多难切削材料微小孔加工中的最常用加工方法。传统电火花微小孔加工中存在加工碎屑排出困难,间隙短路,频繁抬刀及二次放电等问题。针对这些问题,本文在微小孔加工技术理论基础上,系统阐述了电极形状和电极运动方式的改进,以及电火花微小孔加工与其他技术复合的加工方式,包括磁场辅助、超声振动辅助、电解电火花复合微小孔加工,其中与其他技术复合是进一步提升电火花微小孔加工性能的有效方式,将是未来研究的重点之一。归纳了目前技术改进及复合加工技术中存在的问题。最后对电火花微小孔加工的发展趋势进行了展望。As a branch of electrical discharge machining(EDM)micro-hole machining is an important development direction in the field of EDM.Due to the advantages of simple processing equipment,high processing accuracy and no cutting stress,EDM micro-hole machining has widely become the most practical processing technology in the processing of small holes of difficult-tocut materials in many fields.In traditional EDM micro-hole machining,machining debris is difficult to discharge from the narrow interpole gap,so there are problems affecting processing efficiency and processing quality,such as gap short circuit,frequent tool lifting and secondary discharge in micro-hole machining.In view of the problems existing in traditional EDM micro-hole machining,on the basis of the theory of micro-hole machining,the technical improvement of electrode shape and electrode movement mode is systematically expounded,and the processing methods of EDM micro-hole processing and other technologies are compounded,including magnetic field-assisted EDM micro-hole machining,ultrasonic vibration assisted EDM micro-hole processing and electrolytic EDM composite micro-hole machining,of which the processing method combined with other technologies is an effective way to further improve the performance of EDM micro-holes.It will be one of the focuses of future research.At the same time,the current technical improvement aspects and the problems existing in the composite processing technology are summarized.Finally,the future development trend of EDM micro-hole processing is prospected.

关 键 词：电火花 微小孔 技术改进 复合加工 

分 类 号：TG661[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]