近代博物学视野下英国社会对茶的认知  

Cognition of Tea in Modern British Society from the Perspective of Natural History

作　　者：曹瑞臣 王康旭 Cao Ruichen;Wang Kangxu

机构地区：[1]菏泽学院人文与新闻传播学院 [2]山东师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《国际汉学》2023年第3期78-89,156,157,共14页International Sinology

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“全球化视野下英国消费社会兴起与变迁研究(1700-1900)”(项目编号:16BSS038)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：18世纪在博物学家、政府、贸易公司、学术研究机构的支持和推动下,科学发展、商业贸易、殖民扩张与帝国利益紧密互动,相互渗透融合,促成日益专业化、学科化、实用化和功利化的博物学逐步转向帝国博物学。茶入英国以来,来自异域、具有重要商业价值和药用价值的茶叶植物从一开始就引起了英国博物学家的关注和研究,并努力将其纳入近代博物学和帝国博物学范畴,最终在19世纪中后期英帝国成功完成茶叶由中国到印度的跨国移植和培育。英属印度殖民地阿萨姆地区茶叶的种植和商业化的成功,铸就了英国茶叶帝国的地位,茶成为英帝国进行海外扩张和攫取物质财富的有力工具。In the 18th century,with the support and promotion of naturalists,governments,trading companies,and academic research institutions,scientific development,commercial trade,colonial expansion and the interests of empire closely interacted and interpenetrated each other,resulting in the gradual transformation of the increasingly specialized,disciplinary,practical and utilitarian natural history gradually turning to imperial natural history.Since the introduction of tea into Britain,British naturalists have from the very beginning paid attention to and studied the exotic tea plants with important commercial and medicinal value,and tried to incorporate them into the category of modern natural history and imperial natural history.Finally,the United Kingdom successfully completed the transnational transplantation and cultivation of tea from China to India in the middle and late 19th century.The success of tea cultivation and commercialization in Assam,a part of the British colony in northeast India,enhanced the status of the British tea empire,and tea became a powerful tool for the British empire to expand overseas and obtain material wealth.

关 键 词：帝国博物学 近代英国 茶认知 

分 类 号：K561.4[历史地理—历史学]