取食不同种类蚜虫黑带食蚜蝇的种群适合度  

Population Fitness of the Hoverfly,Episyrphus balteatus(De Geer)(Diptera:Syrphidae)Fed on Different Aphid Species

作　　者：江珊珊[1] 李慧 何莉梅 吴孔明[1] JIANG Shanshan;LI Hui;HE Limei;WU Kongming(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Institute of Urban Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]中国农业科学院都市农业研究所,成都610000

出　　处：《中国生物防治学报》2023年第2期254-263,共10页Chinese Journal of Biological Control

基　　金：山东省科技项目(2020CXGC010802);国家农业产业技术体系(CARS-02)。

摘　　要：黑带食蚜蝇Episyrphus balteatus (De Geer)作为农业生态系统中最常见的捕食性天敌昆虫之一,具有授粉和生物防治双重生态服务功能,在提高作物产量和维护生物多样性方面发挥着重要的作用,但用于人工繁殖的蚜虫种类尚缺乏系统研究。我们对豆蚜、桃蚜和豌豆修尾蚜三种蚜虫与黑带食蚜蝇生长发育和飞行能力关系的研究表明,取食豌豆修尾蚜的食蚜蝇幼虫(5.9 d)和蛹(6.0 d)的发育历期均显著短于取食其他猎物,幼虫获得率(80.0%)最高;取食豆蚜的化蛹率(88.4%)和羽化率(100.0%)最高,而取食桃蚜的化蛹率(47.6%)和羽化率(49.6%)最低;取食豆蚜、桃蚜、豌豆修尾蚜的黑带食蚜蝇的平均世代时间(T)分别为30.26 d、32.41 d和32.34 d,有限生长率(r)分别为0.1581、0.0953和0.1424,种群增长率(λ)分别为1.1713、1.1002和1.1531。飞行能力测试显示蚜虫种类显著影响成虫的飞行速度,取食豌豆修尾蚜的成虫平均飞行速度(0.29m/s)最快,而取食桃蚜的平均飞行速度(0.23 m/s)最慢。本研究表明豌豆修尾蚜是人工繁殖黑带食蚜蝇的适宜蚜虫种类,对大规模饲养、利用黑带食蚜蝇的生防和授粉生态服务功能具有较高的理论和应用价值。Episyrphus balteatus(De Geer)is one of the most common predatory natural enemies in agricultural ecosystems.It has dual ecological service functions of pollination and biological control and plays an important role in improving crop yield and protecting biodiversity.However,the proper aphid species for artificial rearing of the predator is still unclear.Our study on the relationship between three aphid species,Aphis craccivora Koch,Myzus persicae Sulzer,and Megoura japonica Matsumura and fitness of E.balteatus showed that the developmental durations of larva(5.9 d)and pupa(6.0 d)with M.japonica were significantly shorter than those with the other preys,and the larval survival rate(80.0%)was the largest;the highest pupation rate(88.4%)and pupal emergence rate(100.0%)were attained with the prey A.craccivora,the lowest pupation rate(47.6%)and pupal emergence rate(49.6%)were recorded with M.persicae;With A.craccivora,M.persicae and M.japonica,the average generation period(T)of the predator was 30.26 d,32.41 d and 32.34 d,respectively;the intrinsic rate of increases(r)was 0.1581,0.0953 and 0.1424,respectively;and the finite rate of increase(λ)was 1.1713,1.1002 and 1.1531,respectively.Flight ability tests showed that prey species had a significant effect on the flight velocity of adults,the highest velocity(0.29 m/s)was recorded with the prey M.japonica,in contrast to the lowest velocity(0.23 m/s)with M.persicae.This study indicates that M.japonica is a suitable aphid species for artificial rearing of E.balteatus,which is of theoretical and practical significance for large-scale rearing and utilization of the biocontrol and pollination ecological service functions of E.balteatus.

关 键 词：黑带食蚜蝇 生长发育 繁殖 生活史 蚜虫种类 

分 类 号：S476.2[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]