不同催芽法对水榆花楸种子发芽及苗期生长的影响  

Effects of Different Germination Methods on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorbus alnifolia

作　　者：董德军 李长魁 刘玉波[1] 赵则民[1] 吕伟伟[1] DONG Dejun;LI Changkui;LIU Yubo;ZHAO Zemin;LYU Weiwei(Jilin Academy of Forestry Sciences,Jilin Jilin 132013;Jilin Forest Industry Songjianghe Forestry Co.,Ltd.,Jilin Baishan 134504)

机构地区：[1]吉林市林业科学研究院,吉林吉林132013 [2]吉林森工松江河林业有限公司,吉林白山134504

出　　处：《林业科技》2023年第3期1-5,共5页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划重点研发项目(20200402092NC);吉林市科技创新发展计划“乡村振兴”科技创新专项(20190502159)。

摘　　要：以吉林建华新村水榆花楸种群混种和4个天然种群9个优良单株及其家系为试材,采用室外拌沙层积法、拌沙窖藏法和拌沙变温法8个组合种子处理,进行种子发芽、种子发芽节律和1年生播种苗生长对比试验,旨在探索解除水榆花楸种子休眠的最佳方法、种子发芽规律及优良单株家系间播种苗生长特性。结果表明,解除水榆花楸种子休眠的最有效方法是拌沙变温法,其种子平均发芽势、平均发芽率分别可达75.0%、80.7%,显著高于室外拌沙层积法和拌沙窖藏法。三种催芽法发芽节律表明,水榆花楸种子解除休眠后,其发芽速度极快,1天达到发芽高峰期,4天后全部结束发芽,得出种子经过漫长的低温处理后当天即可播种。采用室外拌沙层积法对9个优良单株种子发芽及其家系1年生播种苗生长对比发现,不同优良单株平均发芽率及其家系1年生苗平均高和平均地径差异极显著,其中130#优良单株和优良家系表现最为突出,平均发芽率为77.3%,平均高达到54.1 cm,平均地径达到6.24 mm。The mixed species of Sorbus alnifolia population in Jianhua Xincun,Jilin City,and 9 superior individuals and families from 4 natural populations were used as test materials,the seed germination,seed germination rhythm and 1-year-old seedling growth were compared by using 8 combination seed treatments of outdoor sand mixing stratification method,sand mixing cellar method and sand mixing variable temperature method,so as to explore the best method of relieving seed dormancy of Sorbus alnifolia,the law of seed germination and the growth characteristics of seedlings among families of superior individuals.The results showed that the most effective method to relieve the seed dormancy of Sorbus alnifolia was the sand mixed variable temperature method.The average germination potential,average germination rate were 75.0%,80.7%respectively,which was significantly higher than the outdoor sand mixed stratification method and sand mixed cellar method.The germination rhythm of three germination methods showed that the germination speed of Sorbus alnifolia seeds was very fast after releasing dormancy,reaching the peak of germination in 1 day,and all germination ended in 4 days.It was concluded that the seeds could be sown on the same day after long low-temperature treatment.The comparison of seed germination of 9 superior individuals and 1-year seedling growth of families by outdoor sand mixing stratification method showed that the average germination rate of different superior individuals and the average height and average ground diameter of their families 1-year old seedlings were significantly different.Among them,130#superior individuals and families were the most prominent,with the average germination rate of 77.3%,the average height of 54.1 cm,and the average ground diameter of 6.24 mm.

关 键 词：水榆花楸 层积法 窖藏法 变温法 种子发芽率 种子发芽节律 

分 类 号：S792.25[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S723.131[农业科学—林学]