美国职业赛事裁判员制度治理特征及借鉴  

Governance Characteristics and Reference of the Referee System in Professional Games in the United States

作　　者：赵暘 王海峰 吴小圆 何泉涛 ZHAO Yang;WANG Hai-feng;WU Xiao-yuan;HE Quan-tao(Department of Physical Education,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Physical Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;School of Physical Education,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学体育部,北京100044 [2]西北农林科技大学体育部,陕西杨凌712100 [3]深圳大学体育学院,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《体育文化导刊》2023年第5期15-22,共8页Sports Culture Guide

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目(17XJC890002)

摘　　要：运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,探析美国职业赛事裁判员制度治理特征,并提出对我国的借鉴。体制制度治理特征:形成“政府+职业联盟+第三方部门”治理结构,实行分级监管与内部执行相结合的治理机制,构筑覆盖多层面的联动式治理机制,建立多元主体执行的分权治理模式。具体制度治理特征:以定量化指标作为选拔的重要依据,以严格的法律法规限定准入资格,以明确的管理制度规范执业行为,以“法律震慑+行为限制”为治理的刚性手段。借鉴:完善以政府部门为主导、多主体参与的协同治理结构,健全内外部灵活配套的多重治理机制,优化我国职业赛事裁判员管理制度体系,健全我国职业裁判员社会诚信体系。By using the methods of literature review and expert interview,this paper analyzed the governance characteristics of referee system in professional games in the United States perspective of system,in order to provide reference for the governance of professional game referees.The governance characteristics of the system:It has formed a governance structure of"government+professional alliance+third-party sector",implemented a governance mechanism that combines hierarchical supervision with internal enforcement,built an interconnected governance mechanism covering multiple layers,and established a decentralized governance model with multi-subject execution.Characteristics of specific system governance:It takes quantitative indicators as an important basis for selection,limits entry qualifi cations with strict laws and regulations,standardizes practice behavior with clear management system,and takes"legal deterrents+behavior restriction"as a rigid means of governance.Reference:We should improve the collaborative goverance structure led by government departments and involving multiple entitres,improve the multiple governance mechanisms with flexible intenal and external support,optimize the management system of professional event referees.

关 键 词：职业体育赛事 裁判员 制度治理 美国 

分 类 号：G817.12[文化科学—体育学]