航空地球物理在战略性矿产勘查中的应用前景  

Application Prospect of Aerogeophysics in Strategic Mineral Exploration

作　　者：熊盛青 徐学义 XIONG Sheng-qing;XU Xue-yi(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Airborne Geophysics and Remote Sensing Geology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100083,China;China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国自然资源航空物探遥感中心,北京100083 [2]自然资源部航空地球物理与遥感地质重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国地质调查局,北京100037

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2023年第2期143-156,共14页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(U2244220);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0602200)。

摘　　要：实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动急需高效的勘查技术支撑。航空地球物理是重要的高效找矿勘查方法,在世界矿产勘查史上一直发挥着重要作用。21世纪以来,我国航空地球物理技术取得了长足的发展:自主研发的高灵敏度仪器、更高分辨率和更多种类型数据的无缝采集、更精细的数据处理和更精准的解释方法、更大的探测深度、更广的应用领域,尤其是多参量航磁、时间域航空电磁、航空重力等新勘查技术得到快速发展。国内外找矿勘查实践表明,航空地球物理可在矿产勘查的不同阶段中发挥重要的直接或间接找矿作用,尤其是对铁、铜、镍、铀、钾盐等紧缺矿产勘查成效显著。但是,针对战略性矿产勘查以难进入地区和以深部间接找矿为主的新需求,航空地球物理找矿勘查面临信息微弱、浅部干扰大、探测(解释)结果的不确定性和地质-地球物理找矿模型难以构建等难题;存在自主研发的新航空地球物理装备使用不够充分、实用化程度不够高,基于较低成本的无人机平台勘查技术发展较慢,具有更高分辨率的航磁张量梯度、航空重力梯度和航空电磁等新技术发展滞后,先进实用的高精度航空地球物理数据采集与数据处理技术不完善,航空地球物理与地质和其他方法融合不深入等问题。基于此,初步总结了航空地球物理找矿勘查中不同方法在不同找矿阶段的作用,以及探测不同矿种、不同矿产类型的有效性,提出了航空地球物理支撑战略性矿产勘查的思路:以先进的成矿系统理论为指导,研究有效的技术方法或方法组合,以解决找矿勘查部署和隐伏矿体(或成矿地质体)精准定位问题为主要目标,重点实现国产化仪器和软件平台的实用化,研制更高灵敏度的仪器和高效的低飞行高度-高分辨率综合探测方法、有效的信息增强和弱信息提取技术、智能化的多源信息Effective exploration technology is urgently needed to carry out the strategic action of mineral exploration breakthrough in China.Aerogeophysics is an important and efficient mineral exploration method,which has played an important role in the world mineral exploration history.Since the 21st century,aero geophysical technology has made great progress in China,such as self-developed high-sensitivity instruments,higher resolution and more types of seamless data collection methods,finer data processing and more accurate interpretation methods,greater detection depth,and wider application fields.In particular,new exploration technologies such as multi-parameter aeromagnetic,airborne time-domain electromagnetic,and airborne gravity,have developed rapidly.Examples of mineral exploration show that aerogeophysics can play an important direct or indirect role in different stages of strategic mineral exploration,especially in the exploration of iron,copper,nickel,uranium,sylvite and other scarce minerals.However,for the new requirements of difficult access and deep earth prospecting,aero geophysical mineral exploration faces some difficulties,such as weak useful geophysical signals,large interference from shallow parts,uncertainty of detection results and difficult construction of geological and geophysical prospecting models.Moreover,the self-developed aeronautical geophysical instruments are not sufficiently practical and used enough.In addition,the development of UAV survey technology is slow,and higher resolution technologies such as aeromagnetic gradient tensor,aero gravity gradient tensor and airborne electromagnetic technology are developing slowly.Advanced and practical high-precision airborne geophysical data acquisition and data processing technologies need to be improved,and the integration of aero geophysical and other methods is not deep enough.The functions of different methods and stages of aero geophysical prospecting were preliminarily summarized,as well as the effectiveness of detecting different mineral

关 键 词：航空地球物理 矿产勘查 探测仪器 软件平台 地质-地球物理建模 空-地-井协同勘查技术 战略性矿产 应用前景 

分 类 号：P631.222[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]