坝上高原不同植被类型覆盖下土壤水分含量对降雨的动态响应  

Dynamic response of soil moisture content to rainfall under different vegetation cover types on the Bashang Plateau,northwestern Hebei Province of northern China

作　　者：党毅 王维 张永娥 王渝淞 丁兵兵 樊登星[1,2,3] 贾国栋[1,2,3] 余新晓[1,2,3] 董俊杰 Dang Yi;Wang Wei;Zhang Yonge;Wang Yusong;Ding Bingbing;Fan Dengxing;Jia Guodong;Yu Xinxiao;Dong Junjie(Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Metropolitan Area Forest Ecosystem Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Metropolitan Area Field Scientific Observation Research Station,School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;China Railway Fifth Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102600,China;Institute of Sediment Research,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;China Communications Construction Company-Tianjin Dredging Co.,Ltd.,Tianjin 300461,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学国家林业与草原局水土保持重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院首都圈森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [3]北京林业大学水土保持学院首都圈森林生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,北京100083 [4]中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司,北京102600 [5]中国水利水电科学研究院泥沙研究所,北京100038 [6]中交天津航道局有限公司,天津300461

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2023年第5期106-118,共13页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1302502-03)。

摘　　要：【目的】土壤水是连接大气降水、地表水、地下水的关键因子,在地表径流、降雨入渗和植被蒸腾等生态水文过程中发挥重要作用。分析坝上高原地区不同雨量降雨事件中各植被类型覆盖下土壤水分含量动态响应过程及差异,将有助于深入探讨该区土壤水分含量的补给效应特性,对优化区域植被结构具有十分重要的理论及现实的意义。【方法】选取河北省张北县草地、柠条灌木林、杨树乔木林为研究对象,通过监测2019年4-10月连续土壤水分含量和降雨数据,分析不同植被类型覆盖下土壤水分含量对大小降雨事件的动态响应过程及差异。【结果】(1)研究区主要降雨事件由小雨和中雨构成,但主要降雨量由大雨提供。小雨和中雨发生次数占比为81.58%,其贡献的降雨量仅占年总降雨量42.66%;大雨发生次数占比仅为18.42%,却提供了年总降雨量的57.34%。(2)4-10月杨树乔木林土壤水分含量均值显著高于草地(P<0.05),而柠条灌木林波动最为强烈。各植被类型覆盖下土壤水分含量均值分别为杨树乔木林(13.99±2.04)%>柠条灌木林(12.63±0.93)%>草地(10.67±2.77)%,土壤水分含量变异系数均值呈柠条灌木林(26.22%)>杨树乔木林(20.51%)>草地(13.89%),均为中等强度变异。(3)草地20~40 cm土层的土壤水分含量显著高于0~20 cm及40~100 cm的4个土层(P<0.05);柠条灌木林在20~40 cm和80~100 cm土层之间、0~20 cm和40~60 cm之间均不存在显著差异,且20~40 cm和80~100 cm土层土壤水分含量均显著高于其他3层(P<0.05);杨树乔木林80~100 cm土层的土壤水分含量显著高于其他4个土层(P<0.05)。(4)在不同雨量降雨作用下,除某些特殊情况外,柠条灌木林对降雨响应的各指标常与其他两种植被类型呈显著差异(P<0.05)。各植被类型覆盖的土壤水分含量开始响应速度均值、补给量均值、补给速率均值为柠条灌木林最大而杨树乔木林最小。小雨、[Objective]Soil moisture is a key factor linking atmospheric precipitation,surface water and groundwater,and plays an important role in eco-hydrological processes such as surface runoff,rainfall infiltration and vegetation transpiration.The analysis of dynamic response process and differences in soil moisture content of various covers under rainfall events in Bashang Plateau of northwestern Hebei Province of northern China will be helpful to explore the characteristics of replenishment effects of soil moisture content in this region,which is of great theoretical and practical significance to optimizing regional vegetation structure.[Method]The grassland,Caragana korshinskii shrub land and poplar forest land in Zhangbei County,Hebei Province were selected as research objects.The dynamic response process and differences of soil moisture to different types of rainfall under various vegetation cover types were analyzed by monitoring continuous soil moisture content data and rainfall data from April to October,2019.[Result](1)The main rainfall events in the study area were light rain and moderate rain,but the main amount of water was provided by heavy rain.The percentage of light rain and moderate rain occurrences was 81.58%,but they only contributed 42.66%to the total annual rainfall.The percentage of occurrences of heavy rain was only 18.42%,but it provided 57.34%of the total annual rainfall.(2)From April to October,the mean value of soil moisture in poplar forest land was significantly higher than that in grassland,and the fluctuation of soil moisture in Caragana korshinskii shrub land was the strongest.The mean soil moisture values under each vegetation cover types were poplar forest land(13.99±2.04)%>Caragana korshinskii shrub land(12.63±0.93)%>grassland(10.67±2.77)%,and the mean soil moisture coefficient of variation was Caragana korshinskii shrub land(26.22%)>poplar forest land(20.51%)>grassland(13.89%).The coefficient of variation at each layer was at a moderate variation level.(3)The soil moisture content

关 键 词：土壤水分含量 降雨 植被类型 坝上高原 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] S791.24