西北地区煤矿保水开采与生态修复技术现状  

Present Situation of Water Conservation Mining and Ecological Restoration Technology in Coal Mines in Northwest China

作　　者：裴俊 PEI Jun(29th Engineering Department,China Coal No.3 Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 234000,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤第三建设集团有限责任公司二十九工程处,安徽宿州234000

出　　处：《能源与节能》2023年第5期108-113,共6页Energy and Energy Conservation

摘　　要：中国西北地区煤矿产区主要为生态脆弱区域,也是祖国北方、西北重要的生态防护屏障,长期的高强度、无规划开采面临的环境问题十分突出。以陕北矿区为例,局部地区出现了生态水位下降、地表生态退化。目前在保水岩层控制方面,主要涉及保水采煤的隔水层再造、保水开采岩层控制(自然保水开采类、特殊保水开采类和可控保水开采)等领域;在矿山修复方面,进行了大量的人工改造地形和改造地貌生态、采前地表主动固沙。现阶段煤矿企业开采工程实践多是“盲目损坏、被动修复”模式,因此中国急需建立“主动保护、积极复原”的绿色开采模式,自主探索一条适合中国国情的煤炭绿色开采途径。The coal mining areas in northwest China are mainly ecologically fragile areas,which are also important ecological protection barriers in the north and northwest of China.The long-term high-intensity and unplanned mining faces prominent environmental problems.Taking the mining area in northern Shaanxi as an example,ecological water level declined and surface ecological degradation occurred in some areas.At present,in terms of water retaining strata control,it mainly involves the reconstruction of aquifers for water retaining coal mining,rock strata control for water retaining mining(natural water retaining mining,special water retaining mining and controllable water retaining mining)and other fields;in terms of mine restoration,a large amount of artificial transformation of terrain and landform ecology and active sand fixation on the surface before mining have been carried out.At present,the mining engineering practice of coal mining enterprises is basically"blind damage,passive repair"mode,so at this stage,China urgently needs to establish a green mining mode of"active protection,active recovery",and independently explore a green coal mining approach suitable for China's national conditions.

关 键 词：保水开采 隔水层修复 绿色开采 矿山修复 主动修复 

分 类 号：TD821[矿业工程—煤矿开采] TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采]