不同粒级与结构铁尾矿渗透破坏模式判别方法  

Discrimination Method of Seepage Failure Mode of Iron Tailings with Different Grain Size and Structure

作　　者：杨曦 孙文诚 甘德清 YANG Xi;SUN Wen-cheng;GAN De-qing(College of Mining Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;Mining Development and Safety Technology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province,Tangshan 063210,China;Chengde Guangxing Mining Co.,Ltd.,Chengde 067000,China)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学矿业工程学院,唐山063210 [2]河北省矿业开发与安全技术实验室,唐山063210 [3]承德广兴矿业有限责任公司,承德067000

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2023年第12期5348-5357,共10页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52074124);国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0804609)。

摘　　要：渗透破坏是引起尾矿坝事故的重要原因。渗透破坏模式不同,影响也不尽相同。有必要对其判别方法进行研究,进而有效预判可能发生的尾矿坝渗透破坏形式,从而更为有效的保护尾矿坝下游人员的生命与财产安全。通过开展铁尾矿的渗透破坏试验,电镜扫描观测,显微镜观测,对细颗粒含量与结构影响下的铁尾矿渗透破坏模式进行了分析。结果表明:应用现行的一些渗透破坏模式判别方法对铁尾矿渗透破坏模式进行判别时,其准确性降低。以达西定律为基础,提出采用渗透系数对平均孔隙直径进行计算的方法,这种方法可以有效计算均匀尾矿的平均孔隙直径,沉积尾矿粗、细粒层的平均孔隙直径。为后续尾矿渗透破坏模式的判别提供有力依据。提出了适用于铁尾矿的渗透破坏模式判别方法。对不同粒级与结构铁尾矿的渗透破坏模式判别准确性较高。开展砂槽试验,在较大尺度范围上对提出的铁尾矿渗透破坏模式判别方法进行了验证,结果较为准确。研究成果对维持尾矿坝安全运行具有一定指导意义。Seepage damage is an important reason of tailings dam accidents.Different modes of seepage damage have different effects.It is necessary to study the identification method,and then effectively predict the possible modes of tailings dam seepage damage.It can effectively protect the life and property safety of people downstream of the tailings dam.By conducting the seepage failure test of iron tailings and scanning electron microscope observation,the seepage failure mode of iron tailings under the influence of fine particle contents and structure was analyzed.The results show that the accuracy some current methods for discriminating seepage failure modes is reduced.Based on Darcy's law,a method of calculating the average pore diameter by permeability coefficient was proposed.The proposed method can effectively calculate the average pore diameter of uniform tailings and the average pore diameter of coarse and fine layers of sedimentary tailings.It provides a strong basis for the judgment of subsequent tailings seepage failure modes.A method to discriminate the seepage failure mode suitable for iron tailings was proposed.The accuracy of discriminating the seepage failure mode of iron tailings with different fine particle contents and structures is higher.The sand tank test was conducted to verify the proposed method.The results are accurate.The research results have certain guiding significance to maintain the safe operation of tailings dam.

关 键 词：铁尾矿 细粒含量 层状结构 渗透破坏 判别方法 

分 类 号：X936[环境科学与工程—安全科学]