陕北黄土沟壑地貌地表移动变形特征研究  

Research on surface movement and deformation characteristics of loess gully landform in Northern Shaanxi

作　　者：石国牟 张丽佳 胡振琪[1,3] 浮耀坤 SHI Guomou;ZHANG Lijia;HU Zhenqi;FU Yaokun(Institute of Land Reclamation and Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China;School of Environment Science and Spatial Information,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)土地复垦与生态重建研究所,北京100083 [2]自然资源部国土整治中心,北京100035 [3]中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2023年第4期157-165,共9页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西煤业化工集团有限责任公司重大项目(2018SMHKJ-A-J-03);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41771542)。

摘　　要：为研究黄河流域中游陕北矿区湿陷型黄土沟壑地貌高强度开采地表移动变形特征,对柠条塔矿黄土沟壑区N1212工作面开展系统的地表沉陷监测,分析黄土沟壑地貌高强度开采条件下地表沉陷变形特征,确定地表最大下沉速度及最大下沉速度滞后角,地表移动时间和动态地表移动参数。研究结果表明:陕北湿陷型黄土层高强度煤炭开采地表非连续变形破坏严重,黄土地表易受移动变形与地形条件复合影响,出现不均匀沉降,高强度开采条件下,地表移动变形发育剧烈,地表最大下沉量5255 mm,最大水平移动值2680 mm,最大下沉速度为187.4 mm/d,单一煤层开采最大下沉系数为0.63,斜交重复采动最大下沉系数为0.84,活跃期约55 d,期间下沉量占总下沉量97%,最大下沉速度滞后距为74 m,最大下沉速度滞后角67°。上述结果验证了浅埋煤层高强度开采时,地表下沉剧烈、活动周期短、重复采动时,地表下沉量与地质采矿因素成正比,沟谷地形高强度开采地表变形具有速度快、塌陷大、损害重的特征。In order to study the surface movement and deformation characteristics of the collapsible loess gully landform in the northern Shaanxi mining area in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin,the N1212 working face in the loess gully area of the Ningtiaota Mine has been systematically monitored for surface subsidence to analyze the high-intensity mining conditions Deformation characteristics of the ground surface subsidence,determine the maximum surface subsidence speed and the maximum subsidence speed lag angle,surface movement time and dynamic surface movement parameters.The results of the study show that the discontinuous deformation and destruction of the surface in high-strength coal mining in the collapsible loess layer in northern Shaanxi are severe,and the loess surface is easily affected by the combined effects of movement and deformation and topographic conditions,resulting in uneven settlement.Under high-strength mining conditions,the surface movement and deformation are severely developed,The maximum surface subsidence value is 5255 mm,the maximum horizontal movement value is 2680 mm,the maximum subsidence speed is 187.4 mm/d,the maximum subsidence coefficient of single coal seam mining is 0.63,the maximum subsidence coefficient of oblique repeated mining is 0.84,the active period is about 55 d,and the period of subsidence is about 55 d.The amount accounts for 97%of the total subsidence,the maximum lagging distance of the down-town velocity is 74 m,and the maximum lagging angle of the sinking velocity is 67°.The above results verify that in the high-intensity mining of shallow coal seams,the surface subsidence is proportional to the geological mining factors when the ground subsidence is severe,the activity period is short,and the mining is repeated.The surface deformation of high-intensity mining in the valley terrain has the characteristics of fast speed,large collapse and heavy damage.

关 键 词：黄土沟壑区 地表沉陷 下沉速度 移动变形规律 动态变化 

分 类 号：TD173[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]