论治疗用药豁免制度透明化的障碍及突破  

Barriers and Breakthroughs in the Transparency of Therapeutic Use Exemption Process

作　　者：杨春然[1] 王娜[1] YANG Chunran;WANG Na(School of Humanities and law,China University of Petroleum,Qingdao 266580,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)文法学院,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2023年第3期347-354,共8页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：青岛市社会科学规划研究项目(项目编号:QDSKL2201053);中国石油大学(华东)法律冲突与协调研究基地(项目编号:19CX05030B)。

摘　　要：根据当前的治疗用药豁免制度,《禁用清单》中的禁用物质或方法,有的不仅不会提高比赛成绩,而且,还有治疗伤病的功能,即当前的反兴奋剂规则存在剥夺过剩的问题,这就是治疗用药豁免制度存在的主要原因。不过,该制度适用的主要限制条件充满了恣意性,再加上当前的审批机制所蕴含的利益冲突,导致反兴奋剂规则极易被滥用,很难产生公信力。实际上,治疗用药豁免制度由于无法确保批准使用的禁药不会提高比赛成绩,致其只能阻却使用兴奋剂行为的公法责任,而剩余的私法责任、受害人的不特定性以及治疗用药许可获得者的受益性,造成比例原则和正当程序原则构成有限透明化政策正当化的规范根据。不过,该政策仍需要运动员同意制度辅助,这不仅为透明化政策提供形式上的根据,而且,还能限制透明化的程度,将其只适用于精英运动员和高水平运动员,以迎合比例原则和正当程序原则的要求体育法治与建设Sport Events and Cultural。According to the TUE,some of the substances or methods on the Prohibited List not only can not improve competition performance but also have the function oftreating injuries.There is a deprivation overload in the current anti-doping rules,which is the justification for the existence of the TUE.However,the main restrictions onthe application of the TUE are fraught with arbitrariness,which,combined with the conflict of interest inherent in the current approval mechanism,makes anti-dopingrules highly susceptible to abuse and hardly credible.The exemption system for therapeutic drugs cannot ensure that the banned drugs approved for use will not improve the competition performance,soit can only prevent the public law responsible for the use of stimulants,while the remaining private law responsibility,the non-specific nature of the victim and the benefitof the treatment drug license,resulting in the principle of proportionality and the principle of due process constitutes the normative basis for the rationalization of thelimited transparency policy.However,the policy still needs to be complemented by an athlete consent system,which not only provides a formal basis for the transparencypolicy but also limits the extent of transparency to elite and highlevel athletes,to meet the requirements of the proportionality and due process principles.

关 键 词：治疗用药豁免制度 兴奋剂违规 隐私权 透明化政策 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]