纳米材料的表面增强拉曼散射增强机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Enhancement Mechanism of Surface-EnhancedRaman Scattering of Nanomaterials

作　　者：李佳佳 徐大鹏[1] 王子雄 张彤 LI Jia-jia;XU Da-peng;WANG Zi-xiong;ZHANG Tong(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工业大学材料与化工学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《光谱学与光谱分析》2023年第5期1340-1350,共11页Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11504284)资助。

摘　　要：表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)技术具有高灵敏度、高分辨率、无损检测及不需要预处理等优点,已成为一种可以实现定性定量分子检测的有力工具,使目标分析物信号放大的痕量检测技术,甚至能够在分子水平上提供丰富的结构信息。虽然SERS增强机理一直存在争议,但目前被广泛接受的增强机理包括物理增强(电磁场增强)和化学增强(主要为电荷转移的贡献)。随着近年来金属、非金属等诸多材料应用于SERS领域,诸多学者对于影响SERS基底的增强因素产生广泛兴趣,对于SERS增强机理的研究具有重要意义。综述中主要从SERS电磁增强机理、化学增强机理及两者的协同机理三个方面对SERS增强机理进行阐述,分析哪些因素影响基底增强效应,为SERS增强机理的分析提供一些参考。同时提出不同基底结构在增强机理分析过程中面临的问题:(1)在电磁增强机理中,单一贵金属基底因其“热点”分布不均匀、不可控因素导致SERS灵敏度和重复性差等因素,对SERS电磁增强机理影响效果较大;(2)在化学增强机理中,单一半导体材料由于价格实惠、材料性能较稳定、表面易于改性等优点被广泛应用于SERS基底、由于增强能力较低等因素、对SERS化学增强效果不明显;(3)SERS基底不再局限于单一的金属或者非金属材料,更多是金属-非金属两者的结合,既能够弥补贵金属的缺点,也能利用非金属的优点,通过电磁增强机理和化学增强机理的协同作用有效提高SERS增强能力。对于SERS增强机理的分析,有助于制备均一性强、重复性高的SERS基底,为SERS基底的制备提供参考。Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering(SERS)technology has the advantages of high sensitivity,high resolution,non-destructive detection and no pre-processing.It has become a powerful tool for qualitative and quantitative molecular detection.The trace detection technology,which amplifies the Raman signal of the target analyte,can even provide rich structural information on the molecular level.Although the SERS enhancement mechanism has always been disputed,currently acknowledged enhancement mechanisms include physical enhancement(electromagnetic field enhancement)and chemical enhancement(principally contribution of charge transfer).With the application of metal,non-metal and other materials in SERS in recent years,many scholars have inspired extensive interest in the factors affecting the Raman signal enhancement of SERS substrate.Hence,it is of great significance to research the mechanism of SERS enhancement.In this review,the SERS enhancement mechanism is primarily elaborated on three aspects of the SERS electromagnetic enhancement mechanism,chemical enhancement mechanism and synergic mechanism,to analyze which factors affect the substrate enhancement effect and provide some references for the analysis of the SERS enhancement mechanism.At the same time,the problems faced by different base structures in the process of enhancement mechanism analysis were proposed:(1)In the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism,the single noble metal base had a great influence on the SERS electromagnetic enhancement mechanism due to its uneven distribution of“hot spots”and uncontrollable factors,which led to poor SERS sensitivity and repeatability.(2)In the chemical enhancement mechanism,the single semiconductor material was widely used in the SERS substrate due to its advantages of affordable price,stable material performance and easy surface modification.However,the effect on the SERS chemical enhancement mechanism was not obvious due to its low enhancement ability.(3)The SERS substrate is not limited to single metal or non-metal

关 键 词：表面增强拉曼散射 电磁场增强机理 化学增强机理 SERS基底 

分 类 号：O657.37[理学—分析化学]