水耕对寒地不同类型土壤理化性质的影响  

Effects of Hydrotillage on Physical and Chemical Properties of Different Types of Soils in Cold Region

作　　者：唐雷 陈扬 张冬冬 焦峰[1] Tang Lei;Chen Yang;Zhang Dongdong;Jiao Feng(Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆163319

出　　处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学学报》2023年第2期17-22,125,共7页journal of heilongjiang bayi agricultural university

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划子课题(2015BAD23B05-07);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300902-05)。

摘　　要：为探究北方寒地不同类型土壤随水耕年限增加的理化性质变化规律,选择黑龙江省三江平原地区3种典型稻田土壤(草甸土、草甸黑土、潜育白浆土)为研究对象,以未进行水稻种植的旱耕土壤为对照,测定土壤耕层、犁底层和心土层的容重、腐殖质碳含量、氧化还原电位和活性还原物质总量。结果表明:转水耕初期,草甸土、潜育白浆土各土层容重增大1.87%~40.85%,草甸黑土各土层容重减小1.72%~11.84%;除草甸土、草甸黑土心土层腐殖质碳含量减少5.24%~14%外,其余各土层增大4.49%~21.12%;各土壤由耕层至心土层氧化还原电位均为负值并减小252.9~279.8 m V;各土壤除草甸土心土层活性还原物质总量减小0.59 cmol·kg^(-1)外,其余土壤各土层增加0.97~4.86 cmol·kg^(-1)。随水耕年限增长,浅育白浆土犁底层容重增加最多达40.41%,草甸黑土容重减少最多达12.94%;各土壤耕层和犁底层腐殖质碳含量均逐渐增大,其中潜育白浆土犁底层增大最多达57.76%;各土壤氧化还原电位均不断降低,其中草甸土耕层减小最多达383.8 m V;三种土壤各土层活性还原物质总量均增大,其中潜育白浆土增大最多达6.85 cmol·kg^(-1)。研究结果对充分利用土壤资源提供理论依据,对实现水稻产量稳定及土地绿色发展具有重要作用。In order to explore the changes of physical and chemical properties of different types of soils with the increase of hydrotillage years in the northern cold region,three typical paddy soils(meadow soil,meadow black soil,gley white clay soil)in Sanjiang plain of Heilongjiang province were selected as the research objects,and the dry tillage soil without rice planting was taken as the control.The bulk density,humus carbon content,redox potential and total amount of active reductive substances in surface layer,plough bottom layer and core layer of soil were determined.The results showed that the bulk density of each soil layer increased by 1.87%-40.85%in meadow soil and gley white clay soil,and decreased by 1.72%-11.84%in meadow black soil.The content of humus carbon in meadow soil and meadow black soil decreased by 5.24%-14%,while the content of humus carbon in other soil increased by 4.49%-21.12%.The redox potential from surface layer to core layer was negative and decreased by 252.9-279.8 mV.Except that the total amount of active reducing substances in meadow core soil layer decreased by 0.59 cmol·kg^(-1),the other soil layers increased by 0.97-4.86 cmol·kg^(-1).With the increase of hydrotillage years,the bulk density of bottom layer of shallow-bred white clay plow increased by 40.41%,and the bulk density of meadow black soil decreased by 12.94%.The content of humus carbon in plough layer and plough layer increased gradually,and the increase of gley white clay plough layer was 57.76%.The redox potential of all soils decreased,and the surface layer of meadow soil decreased as much as 383.8 mV.The total amount of active reducing substances in each soil layer of the three kinds of soils increased,and the gley alba soil increased up to 6.85 cmol·kg^(-1).The results provided theoretical basis for the full use of soil resources,and played an important role in achieving stable rice yield and green land development.

关 键 词：三江平原 土壤 水耕年限 理化性质 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]