生物柴油含量对现场混装乳化炸药的热分解特性和抗振动性能的影响  

Effect of Biodiesel on Thermal Decomposition Characteristics and Anti⁃vibration Performance of On⁃site Mixed Emulsion Explosives

作　　者：杨策 李洪伟[1] 杨赛群 孙建辉 章彬彬 YANG Ce;LI Hong-wei;YANG Sai-qun;SUN Jian-hui;ZHANG Bin-bin(School of Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232000,China;Nuclear Industry Jingxiang Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学化学工程学院,安徽淮南232000 [2]核工业井巷建设集团有限公司,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《含能材料》2023年第5期467-476,共10页Chinese Journal of Energetic Materials

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(11872002);安徽省教育厅科学研究重点项目(KJ2019A023);浙江省建设厅建设科研项目(2021K213)。

摘　　要：为了探究生物柴油对现场混装乳化炸药的热分解特性及抗振动性能的影响,利用激光粒度分析仪、光学显微镜、同步热分析技术、振动实验和水溶法,对以生物柴油为油相材料的现场混装乳化炸药基质样品的微观特性、热分解特性以及抗振动性能进行了研究,其中生物柴油的质量比分别为0%,1%,2%和3%。结果表明:添加生物柴油的现场混装乳化炸药基质样品平均粒径普遍较小,内相粒子的均一性较好,平均粒径与分散性指数较未添加生物柴油的样品分别降低了12.9%和38.0%;当体系中生物柴油的质量分数占整体的3%时,其分解反应的起始温度与峰值温度较未添加生物柴油的现场混装乳化炸药基质样品分别降低了5.8%和3.7%,反应活化能则降低了12.3%,热稳定性有所降低;在抗振动性能方面,生物柴油含量为3%的现场混装乳化炸药基质样品性能最差,其溶失率在6个周期后从0.117%增长到0.313%,且在4个振动周期后出现析晶现象;生物柴油含量为1%的现场混装乳化炸药基质样品抗振动性能最好,在6个振动周期后其溶失率从0.070%增长到0.197%,且未出现析晶。当样品中生物柴油含量为1%时,其内相平均粒径小、分布均匀性好、热安全性好且抗振动性能最佳。In order to explore the effect of biodiesel on the thermal decomposition characteristics and vibration resistance of on-site mixed emulsion explosives,the microscopic structure,thermal decomposition characteristics and vibration resistance of the matrix samples of on-site mixed emulsion explosives with biodiesel as the oil phase material were studied by laser particle size analyzer,optical microscope,synchronous thermal analysis technology,vibration experiment and water dissolution meth-od,in which the mass contents of biodiesel were 0%,1%,2%and 3%,respectively.The results show that the average particle size of the on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix samples with biodiesel is smaller,the uniformity of the internal phase parti-cles is better,and the average particle size and dispersion index are reduced by 12.9%and 38.0%respectively,compared with the sample without biodiesel.When the mass content of biodiesel in the sample is 3%,the initial temperature,peak temperature and activation energy of the decomposition reaction are reduced by 5.8%,3.7%and 12.3%,respectively,compared with the in-situ mixed emulsion explosive matrix sample without biodiesel,indicating that the thermal stability is reduced.The anti-vibration performance of the on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix sample with 3%biodiesel is the worst.The dissolution loss rate increases from 0.117%to 0.313%after 6 vibration periods,and the crystallization phenomenon appears after 4 vibra-tion periods.The on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix sample with 1%biodiesel has the best anti-vibration performance.Af-ter 6 vibration periods,the dissolution rate increases from 0.070%to 0.197%,and no crystallization occurs.When the content of biodiese is 1%,the average particle size of the internal phase is small,the distribution uniformity is good,the thermal safety is high and the vibration resistance is the best.

关 键 词：乳化炸药 现场混装 热分析 内相特性 抗振动性能 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]