拜登总统《关于加强美国信号情报活动保障的行政命令》述评  

Commentary on President Biden’s Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activities

作　　者：吴常青[1] 张春晖 Wu Changqing;Zhang Chunhui(School of Law Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134

出　　处：《情报探索》2023年第5期120-127,共8页Information Research

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“情报治理体系和治理能力现代化视域下大规模监控监督制约问题研究”(项目编号:20BTQ057)成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]2022年10月7日,拜登总统签署的《关于加强美国信号情报活动保障的行政命令》是欧盟委员会审查美国法律是否符合欧盟数据隐私保护标准“充分性认定”的支柱性文件,对其进行研究有利于全面认识该命令的实质。[方法/过程]采取个案实证分析、规范分析的方法,对《行政命令》发布的背景和文本内容进行深入分析。[结果/结论]《行政命令》在文本上是保护美国域外非美国人的重要法律文件,但仍然存在诸多缺陷,其深层逻辑是美国政府与大型科技公司的博弈。中国历来反对美国滥用信息技术从事针对他国的大规模监控,应以保障人权和基本自由为基础明确国家情报机关技术侦察措施的具体类型以及发动的实体与程序要件。[Purpose/significance]The Executive Order on Enhancing Safeguards for United States Signals Intelligence Activitiessigned by President Biden on October 72022 is the backbone document of the European Commission’s review of whether U.S.laws comply with the EU data privacy protection standard“Determination of adequacy”.A study of the Executive Order is conducive to fully understand its essence.[Method/process]By means of case empirical analysis and normative analysis the paper makes an in-depth analysis of the background and text content of the Executive Order.[Result/conclusion]From the perspective of the text the Executive Order is an important legal document to protect non-Americans outside the United States but it still has many defects.Its underlying logic is the game between the U.S.government and large technology companies.China has always opposed the United States’abuse of information technology to engage in mass surveillance against other countries.It is necessary to clarify the specific types of technical reconnaissance measures and the entity and procedural requirements of the national intelligence agency on the basis of safeguarding human rights and fundamental freedoms.

关 键 词：数据跨境流动 美国 信号情报活动 欧盟法院 技术侦察 

分 类 号：G350[文化科学—情报学]