大跨度84 m高旋风塔定向拆除爆破  

Directional demolition blasting of a 84 m high large-span whirlwind tower

作　　者：赵文 李玉景 张宝亮 倪吉伦 ZHAO Wen;LI Yu-jing;ZHANG Bao-liang;NI Ji-lun(Guizhou Kaiyuan Blasting Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Guiyang 551400,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州开源爆破工程有限公司,贵阳551400

出　　处：《工程爆破》2023年第2期109-114,136,共7页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：为安全拆除水泥厂高耸旋风塔,根据其跨度大、重心高特征,结合构筑物采用底部钢筋混凝土框架(0~6.5 m)、上部钢管框架(6.5~84 m)支撑结构,通过文献研究,决定对底部钢筋混凝土框架支撑钻孔爆破,对上部钢管斜撑半切割预处理弱化支撑强度方式进行爆破拆除。针对底部支撑立柱尺寸大、数量少,不宜通过试爆校核设计单耗问题,选择较大抵抗线、精密布孔、水钻取心钻孔,减少钻孔数量、提高钻孔质量,并压实装药提高装药密度;结合结构跨度与高度,确定缺口内前后排立柱合理的爆破延时时间差与高度差控制结构倾倒方向。起爆后塔炉按设计方向倾倒、无偏差,倒塌过程中结构体随倒塌倾角变化,炉体自下而上逐段触地解体,未对地面产生整体性的刚性冲击,未造成较大的触地飞溅与塌落振动,后排立柱在自身重力下下陷入土3 m,分解炉的成功爆破为同类高耸构筑物的拆除提供了经验。For the demolition safety of whirlwind tower with a large-span and high center of gravity in cement plants,combined with the reinforced concrete structure(0-6.5 m)at the bottom and steel pipe support(6.5-84 m)in the upper part,through literature research,the drilling and blasting of the bottom reinforced concrete frame support is adopted,and the upper steel pipe inclined support is pre-cut to weaken the support strength by blasting.Given the large dimensions and the small number of support columns at the bottom,it is inappropriate to calibrate the single consumption design through test blasting.We choose a larger resistance line,a precise layout of holes,rhinestone core drilling,reducing the number of holes,improving the quality of drilling,and compacting the loading to increase the density of the charge.According to structural span and height,the reasonable time difference of blasting delay between columns and the difference in blasting height between front and rear columns inside the gap were determined to control the tilt direction of the structure.After initiation,the furnace tilted in the designed direction,without bias.The structure changed along with the inclination during the collapse process.The furnace body disintegrated from the bottom to the top piece by piece,without generating an overall rigid impact on the ground or causing a large touchdown splash or collapse vibration.The rear column sank 3.0 meters into the ground under its own gravity force,the safe blasting of decomposition furnace provide reference for demolition of super high structures.

关 键 词：旋风塔 拆除爆破 大跨度 爆破飞散物 爆破振动 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]