美国对印苏米格战机交易的干涉及其失败  

America’s Intervention and Failure in the Indo-Soviet MIG-21 Deal

作　　者：朱鹏[1] 唐新亚 ZHU Peng;TANG Xinya

机构地区：[1]暨南大学历史系

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2023年第2期54-67,154,155,共16页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：20世纪五十年代中期以后,美苏对第三世界的争夺日益激烈,美国尤其不能容忍第三世界国家在军事领域出现向苏联靠拢的倾向。1962年印度即将采购苏制米格-21战机的消息一经传出,便引起了美国的高度警惕。肯尼迪政府立即将印度军购上的选择与其政治走向关联起来,极力阻止其采购米格-21,以避免印度在军事装备上对苏联产生依赖并最终在政治上倒向社会主义阵营。为此,肯尼迪政府一方面以报复性削减乃至停止经济援助相要挟,另一方面以提供替代性战机为诱饵,企图软硬兼施迫使印度放弃采购计划。然而,在这个过程中肯尼迪政府并没有深入研究和理解印度的国家定位与发展战略,仍然僵硬地沿袭自杜鲁门政府以来的冷战思维和霸主心态,选择性忽视了印度在安全与发展问题上的诉求,一味地按照自身利益需要逼迫印度就范。受思维僵化、判断失误、反应过度、举措失当等多重因素的叠加影响,肯尼迪政府实施的干涉行动非但没有取得预期的效果,反而进一步刺激了印度另谋出路的决心,促使其加快了与苏联达成最终交易的进程。本文利用美、印等国的档案文献进行互证分析,以期揭示肯尼迪政府阻止印苏米格战机交易的决策细节及其失败的原因。Since the mid-1950s,the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for the Third World has become more intense.The United States cannot tolerate the tendency of the Third World countries to draw closer to the Soviet Union,particularly in the military field.In 1962,the news that India was about to purchase MiG-21 fighters aroused high vigilance of the United States.The Kennedy administration immediately linked India’s military procurement choices with its political trend and tried to prevent India from purchasing MiG-21 fighters from the Soviet Union in order to forestall India’s dependence on the Soviet Union for military equipment and its eventual political preference to the socialist camp.To this end,The Kennedy administration attempt to use both hard and soft tactics to urge India to abandon its plan.On the one hand it threatened India with retaliatory cutting or even stopping economic assistance,on the other hand it offered alternative fighters as bait.Nevertheless,the Kennedy administration failed to get insight of India’s national orientation and development strategy,which led it to rigidly follow the Cold War mindset and hegemonic mentality since the Truman administration.Under the cumulated influence of rigid thinking,misjudgment,overreaction and improper action,the Kennedy administration’s intervention not only failed to achieve the expected goal,but also further made India confirm its determination to find another way out and accelerated the process of the Indo-Soviet MiG-21 procurement.

关 键 词：冷战 米格-21 印苏军购 肯尼迪政府 对印政策 

分 类 号：E351[军事—军事理论] D835.1[政治法律—政治学] D871.2[政治法律—外交学]