“血缘-地缘”网络权力的调适与变革--以渝东南M村为例  

The Adjustment and Reform of"Bloodline-Geography"Network Power——Taking M Village in Southeastern Chongqing as an Example

作　　者：孔瑞 Kong Rui(School of Ethnology and History,Guizhou Minzu University,Guiyang,Guizhou)

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学民族学与历史学学院

出　　处：《政治人类学评论》2022年第2期65-133,I0005,360-364,共75页Political Anthropology Review

摘　　要：“苗”是一种称谓,它指代一群人以及这群人所共享的文化符号。作为族称的“苗”不会变化,但它指代的人以及文化、符号却时刻处在变化之中,尤其“血缘-地缘”网络中M村“苗”的权力运作方式,总会呈现与时俱进的调适与变革过程。但是,当新型苗族知识文化符号遮盖了村民的日常生活之时,大部分苗民并不能有效参与到这种嫁接式文化符号的变迁中,民族话语或多或少地显露了“经纪”的属性。新中国成立后,革命话语与民族话语接连入村,国家意识形态重塑了“苗”,苗民的民族认同和国家认同被激发,既有族群的传统知识体系和“血缘-地缘”网络产生了分化。改革开放以来,国家意识形态有目的地培育苗民民族认同,在民族话语引导下,村落权力精英与地方政府和社会机构开展广泛有效协作;原有核心家庭原子化正将“民族”“宗族”“血缘-地缘”等网络权力和群体分类模式进一步淡化虚化,由此共铸了苗族身份和社会共同性的正当性与典型性。"Miao"is an appellation that refers to a group of people and the cultural symbols shared by this group of people.As a family name,"Miao"will not change,but the people,culture and symbols it refers to are constantly changing.Especially the way of power operation of"Miao"in M village in the"bloodline-geography"network,which always presents a process of adaptation and change that keeps pace with the times.Through the on-the-spot investigation and in-depth interview of the power operation and changes of M Village located in Southeast Chongqing through the special"bloodlinegeography"network,the research shows the changing process of"Miao"expression and practice,thereby revealing the complex inter-constructing relation between"Miao"and power.However,when the new Miao knowledge and cultural symbols cover the daily life of the villagers,most Miao people cannot effectively participate in the change of this grafted cultural symbol,and the national discourse reveals the attribute of"brokering"more or less.It becomes necessary and important to consolidate the consciousness of the community of the China as a country by recognizing the whole picture through observation of the small part.The cultural power network of M community can be divided into two parts,one part educates what is"Miao",and the other part educates what is"people"in the common experience of the place.As a local classification,ethnic groups are incorporated into cultural networks and are consciously recognized by villagers(whether Miao or Han people).The difference between"Miao"and non-"Miao"is mainly manifested in the adherence to some objective cultural(knowledge)elements.These characteristic cultural symbols inherited from generation to generation generate a sense of obligation and belonging.In this process of subjective objectification,ethnic identity emerges.When ethnic demarcation becomes a fact of community life,the cultural network of power creates a model for what is"Miao"and what is"Han".However,Miao people and Han people live together in the same re

关 键 词：“血缘-地缘” 网络权力 文化符号 革命话语 民族话语 国家意识形态 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学] G05[文化科学]