2018~2021年春季云南空气质量变化规律及境外生物质燃烧影响分析  

Evolution of Air Quality in Yunnan Province and Impacts of Biomass Burning in Foreign Regions in the Spring of 2018–2021

作　　者：王莉莉[1] 金鑫[1,2] 刘博雅 赵广娜 张磊[1,2] 王庆鲁 辛金元 王跃思[1,2] WANG Lili;JIN Xin;LIU Boya;ZHAO Guangna;ZHANG Lei;WANG Qinglu;XIN Jinyuan;WANG Yuesi(Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Meteorological Observatory of Heilongjiang Province,Harbin 150001)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]黑龙江省气象台,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2023年第3期315-326,共12页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：CERN长期观测数据挖掘和数据年报编制项目KFJ-SW-YW043-3;基金委面上项目41775162;基金委国际(地区)合作与交流项目42061130215;英国皇家学会牛顿高级学者基金NAF\R1\201354。

摘　　要：近年云南春季的大气污染问题凸显,成为打赢蓝天保卫战的关键阻力。本文基于地面监测和卫星遥感数据,分析了2018~2021年春季云南空气质量变化,并研究了气象要素和境外生物质燃烧对空气质量的影响。结果显示,近4年全省春季污染物超标262 d(含6 d重污染),占全年91.3%,滇南高达96.8%;污染集中在3月中旬至4月中旬,2019年污染最重,2021年次之,但优天减少良天增加明显,2020年尽管污染物浓度最低,但发生6 d重污染;空间分布表现为滇南远高于滇中和滇北,且西双版纳最高,占总超标天数的27%,但臭氧(O_(3))滇西南和滇中最高,以普洱为首;超标天的首要污染物仍以PM2.5为主,但2018和2019年O_(3)占比略高于PM2.5。总体PM2.5和O_(3)存在显著的正协同效应,高臭氧促进PM2.5二次生成。PM2.5和O_(3)污染发生都与西南风和少降水密切相关,叠加中高温、中低湿加剧O_(3)污染发生,叠加中高温度和湿度易导致PM2.5超标;叠加中高温度和中等湿度,易形成O_(3)和PM2.5协同污染;2019年污染最重的气象成因是高温少雨。云南污染与东南亚当天及1~3 d前的火点数均存在显著正相关,且PM2.5和O_(3)分别与2 d前和1 d前的火点相关最强。总体而言,在西南季风主导的不利气象条件下,以中南半岛的缅甸为主的境外生物质燃烧是云南空气污染的重要来源,加剧污染的二次生成。因此,云南春季污染控制重点为,构建完善的跨境大气污染防控机制,在不利气象条件下加强对境外生物质燃烧的提前预警。In recent years,air pollution in Yunnan Province during spring has emerged as a major challenge in attaining optimal air quality.This work comprehensively analyzes the evolution characteristics of air quality and the impacts of meteorological factors and biomass burning in foreign regions on air quality in the Yunnan Province during spring from 2018 to 2021.The analysis is based on ground monitoring data and satellite remote sensing data.The results showed that in the past four years,the nonattainment days in spring approached 262 d(including six heavy pollution days),accounting for 91.3%for all cities and 96.8%in southern Yunnan for the whole year.In terms of temporal distribution,the pollution was concentrated in the period spanning mid-March to mid-April,with the heaviest in 2019 followed by 2021,which resulted in a considerable decrease in days with good air quality and an increase in days with moderate air quality.In 2020,pollutant concentration was the lowest,and heavy pollution occurred over a span of 6 d.Spatially,southern Yunnan experienced significantly higher pollution than central and northern Yunnan,with Xishuangbanna accounting for 27%of all nonattainment days.However,ozone(O_(3))concentration was highest in southwest and central Yunnan,with the highest in Pu’er.From 2018 to 2021,PM2.5 was the prevalent primary pollutant,although the proportion of O_(3)as the primary pollutant was slightly higher in 2018 and 2019.To this end,PM2.5 and O_(3)were synergistically correlated,and high O_(3)levels promoted the secondary generation of PM2.5.Both pollutants were associated with low precipitation and southwest wind.O_(3)pollution was most likely to occur during mid-high temperatures and mid-low humidity,whereas PM2.5 pollution was associated with mid-high temperatures and mid-high humidity.However,mid-high temperature and mid humidity resulted in synergistic pollution of O_(3)and PM2.5.In 2019,the highest pollution levels coincided with the highest temperature and the lowest precipitation.Air pollution in

关 键 词：云南 PM2.5 臭氧 气象要素 生物质燃烧 

分 类 号：P402[天文地球—大气物理学与大气环境]