速效缓释型有机无机复混肥对油菜产量及肥料利用率的影响  

Effects of New Fertilizers with Rapid and Slow Release Function on Yield and Fertilizer Utilization in Rape

作　　者：余垚颖[1] 张蕾[1] 刘金丹[2] 莫太相 郭应菊[1] 陈代容 王明富[1] YU Yaoying;ZHANG Lei;LIU Jindan;MO Taixiang;GUO Yingju;CHEN Dairong;WANG Mingfu(Plant Protection Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066 China;Sichuan Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengdu 610041,China;Zhongjiang County Bureau of Agriculture,Deyang Sichuan 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [2]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041 [3]四川省中江县农业局,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2023年第5期735-743,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：四川省科技支撑(2014NZ0097);四川省农业科学院现代农业科学技术和产品产业化示范项目(2019-13);现代农业学科建设推进工程(2021XKJS089)。

摘　　要：为了解决肥料速效与缓释性问题,实现油菜“一次性施肥”的最终目标。对研制出的速效缓释型有机无机复混肥油菜专用配方和施用方法进行田间筛选及验证研究。配方及施用方法试验:油菜成熟后,检测茎秆、角壳、籽粒的全氮、全磷、全钾及干物质量,研究不同配方和施用方法对产量、肥料贡献率、农学利用率等的影响,明确速效缓释型有机无机复混肥油菜专用肥的最佳配方及施用方法;验证试验:在四川选择6个试验点,开展常规肥与速效缓释型有机无机复混肥的同田对比试验。综合分析配方筛选试验表明:SH3(18-5-7)各指标显著优于常规肥,产量、肥料贡献率、农学利用率的均值分别为3473 kg/hm^(2)、39.61%、5.56 kg/kg;施用方法试验表明:采用“基施+追施”的方法更有利于养分向籽粒运输,从而增加油菜籽产量与产值,“基肥一次性施用”次之,两者之间差异不显著,较常规施肥最高增产25.49%,增收2498元/hm^(2),产投比则是“基肥一次性施用”最高;验证试验表明:6个试验点,速效缓释型有机无机复混肥SH3(18-5-7)较常规肥农学利用率提高1.62 kg/kg,肥料贡献率提高8.57%,增产470 kg/hm^(2),肥料效益提高1632元/hm^(2)。适宜油菜种植的速效缓释型有机无机复混肥配方为SH3(18-5-7),采用“基肥一次性施用”和“基施+追施”两种方式均显著提高油菜产量、经济效益及产投比,可结合当地劳动力实际情况选择。In order to solve the problem of rapid and slow release of fertilizer and realize the goal of“one-time fertilization”.From^(2)016 to 2018,a special formula for rapid impact,slow-release organic and inorganic compound fertilizer in rape and its application methods were screened and verified in the fields.The test of formula and application method were that:after rape was mature,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and dry matter quality in stems,horn shells and grains were detected,and then the effect of different formulas and application methods on yield,contribution rate of fertilizer and utilization rate of agriculture,etc.were studied.The optimal formula and application method of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with rapid impact and slow-release were clarified..The results of verification test showed that the contrast test of conventional fertilizer and organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with rapid impact and slow-release in the same field were conducted in six tested sites.The formula screening test showed that each index of SH3(18-5-7)was significantly better than that of conventional fertilizer.The average yield,fertilizer contribution rate and agricultural utilization ratio of SH3 were 3473 kg/hm^(2),39.61%,5.56 kg/kg,respectively;application method test showed that the method of“basal application+topdressing”was more conducive to the transportation of nutrients to grains,thus increasing the yield and output value of rapeseed,followed by“one-time application of basal fertilizer”,but the difference between the two tests was not significant.Compared with conventional fertilization,the highest yield of“basal application+topdressing”was 25.49%and 2498 yuan/hm^(2),respectively.The ratio of output to input was the highest in“one-time application of basal fertilizer”.The field comparison test showed that:In six tested sites,compared with conventional fertilizer,the organic and inorganic compound fertilizer with rapid impact and slow-release(SH3)increased the uti

关 键 词：速效与缓释 肥料贡献率 产量 施肥效益 产投比 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]