如何以第三世界为方法?——后殖民批评之弊与非洲文学研究中的问题殖民  

How to Third Worldize Our Research Methodology?—A Critique on Post-colonial Criticism and Colonization of Research Topics in African Literary Research

作　　者：姚峰[1] YAO Feng

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学外国语学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期26-34,共9页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“非洲英语文学史”(19ZDA296);上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题“德勒兹哲学视角下的非洲英语小说研究”(2018BWY024);国家社科基金后期资助项目“齐努阿·阿契贝:非洲小民族作家的解域实践”(19FWWB012)。

摘　　要：“问题殖民”使中国非洲文学研究难以挣脱西方设定的研究视域和知识框架,沦为以非洲为“假想物”的西学翻版,难以独立开掘重要的研究议题,导致中国学人主体性的弱化。数百年来现代性观念的全球播散以及20世纪90年代以来新自由主义思潮的全球化,造成了第三世界学人的理论终结意识,由此造成其非洲文学研究的去历史化倾向。西方知识左翼的后殖民理论有其自身的问题意识和理论路径,对于非洲等第三世界的文本选择性也以此为依据。作为对策,中国的非洲文学研究必须重视非洲本土的文学历史经验,即再历史化,并以第三世界作为新的参照系,把西方的非洲研究相对化,最终通过中国问题意识与非洲文学经验的对话而提出新的研究议题,形成我们检讨西方的非洲文学研究和我们自身研究方法的思想资源。Domestic research on African literature has been historically confined by Western academic tides as its reference,thereby reducing our African studies to a mere minor copy of those in the West,concomitant with our increasing inability to pro⁃pose significant research topics and a deteriorating sense of subjectivity as equals of our Western counterparts.With the sweeping tide of modernity as a Western conception raging worldwide for hundreds of years and with,more recently,the global reshaping power of neoliberalism storming for decades since 1990s,African literary criticism on the part of Third-world scholars,subcon⁃sciously harboring a sense of“the end of theory”,has undergone a dehistoricizing methodological trend.Post-colonial theory has based its linguistic preference for third-world imaginative texts mostly on the problematic and research approach adopted by leftwingers in Western academia.As a countermeasure to such status quo,Chinese scholars must realize the importance of historical literary experience of African literature and accordingly,shift their reference framework from the First World to the Third World.Ultimately,through a dialogue between our own problematic and African literary experience,a reflection on Western research methodology and our own research resources are expected to come to the fore.

关 键 词：问题殖民 后殖民批评 主体性重建 去历史化 第三世界 

分 类 号：I3[文学—其他各国文学] I7