中国海警船的法律属性辨析  

Analysis of the Legal Attributes of China Coast Guard Vessels

作　　者：余妙宏 杨钟灵 YU Miaohong;YANG Zhongling(College of Marine Culture and Law,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋文化与法律学院,上海201306

出　　处：《浙江海洋大学学报（人文科学版）》2023年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Humanities Sciences)

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国海警法》规定海警机构统一履行海上维权执法职责,但未明确海警船的法律属性。西方国家多次将中国海警船列为军舰,而我国国防部、外交部多次声明强调我国海警船系公务船。根据国际法《日内瓦公海公约》《联合国海洋法公约》等对“军舰”的定义,中国海警船既不符合国际法对军舰的实质要求,也不属于我国国内法规定的军用船舶。中国海警船符合国际法和我国国内法对“用于非商业目的的政府船舶”和“公务船”的界定,其属性为维权执法船。维护我国周边海域和平良好秩序和我国正常海上执法活动需要明确中国海警船的非军舰性质。The Coast Guard Law of the People’s Republic of China stipulates that coast guard agencies uniformly perform maritime rights protection and law enforcement duties,but does not specify the legal attribute of coast guard vessels.However,Western countries have repeatedly listed China coast guard vessels as warships whereas China’s Ministry of National Defense and Ministry of Foreign Affairs have repeatedly stressed that China’s coast guard vessels are the public service vessels.Such international laws as The Geneva Convention on the High Seas and The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea have already given the definition to“warships”,according to which China coast guard vessels neither meet the substantive requirements of international law for warships nor belong to the military vessels under China’s domestic law.China coast guard vessels comply with the definitions of“government ships used for noncommercial purposes”and“public service vessels”,conforming to international law and China’s domestic laws,and their attributes are maritime rights protection and law enforcement vessels.It is necessary to clarify the non-warship nature of China coast guard vessels in order to maintain peace and tranquillity in the waters around China and safeguard China’s normal maritime law enforcement activities.

关 键 词：中国海警船 军舰 公务船 维权执法船 《联合国海洋法公约》 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]