河西走廊玉米与豆科作物间作田化学除草及对作物安全性的研究  

Chemical control of weeds and its safety in the intercropping fields of maize and legume crops in the Hexi Corridor Region

作　　者：张锦伟 梁茜 孙建好[2] 赵建华[2] 谢亚琼 靖俊杰 贾春虹[1] 赵尔成[1] ZHANG Jinwei;LIANG Qian;SUN Jianhao;ZHAO Jianhua;XIE Yaqiong;JING Junjie;JIA Chunhong;ZHAO Ercheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water Saving,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Sinochem Agriculture Holdings,Beijing 100031,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所,北京100097 [2]甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]中化现代农业有限公司,北京100031

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第3期338-347,共10页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201808-05)。

摘　　要：玉米与豆科作物复合种植是河西走廊地区重要的粮经作物栽培模式,杂草危害是该复合种植体系中普遍存在的重要问题。本文采用田间裂区试验设计的方法研究了5种除草剂(或配方)对玉米与3种豆科作物-大豆Glycine max、赤小豆Vigna umbellata和菜豆Phaseolus vulgaris间作田杂草的防除效果和对两类作物的安全性。结果表明,除草剂对杂草的防效为81.67%~91.55%,显著高于当地常规玉米单作的化学除草处理(P<0.05),5种药剂处理对苗期玉米无明显药害,而对3种豆科作物幼苗均有不同程度的不利影响。玉米收获期900 g/L乙草胺EC、900 g/L乙草胺EC+87.5%2,4-滴异辛酯EC和900 g/L乙草胺EC+10%唑嘧磺草胺SC 3种药剂处理条件下三种间作组合的玉米+豆科作物总产量均高于空白对照,且与各自的人工除草处理相当或更优;本试验5种药剂处理条件下玉米与3种豆科作物间作组合的玉米+豆科作物总产量均与玉米单作常规化学除草处理相当或更优。研究结果可为西北河西走廊地区玉米与豆科作物间作模式下田间杂草的安全、高效化学防除提供技术参考。Intercropping of maize and legume crops(IMLC)is an important multiple cropping pattern in the Hexi Corridor Region(HCR)and other related regions.Weeds are the major problematic factors in the fields of this pattern.A split-plot design experiment was conducted in Zhangye research station in HCR to detect the efficacy and safety of five herbicides(including mixture formulations)in the IMLC field,including maize intercropped with Glycine max,Vigna umbellata and Phaseolus vulgaris.Results indicated that control efficacy of the five selected herbicides ranged from 81.67%to 91.55%,which were all significantly higher than farmer chemical control practice on weeds in sole maize planting pattern(P<0.05).Nearly no obviously injured symptom of the selected herbicide treatments was found on maize seedlings,while some adverse influence on all the three legume crops seedlings.At harvest time,total maize+legume crop silage yield(TMLSY)of acetochlor 900 g/L EC,acetochlor 900 g/L EC+2,4-D-ethylhexyl 87.5%EC and acetochlor 900 g/L EC+flumetsulam 10%SC was better than that of the blank control,similar and even better than that of manual weeding.Compared with maize planted solely with farmer practice in herbicide treatment,TMLSY of the three IMLC were similar and even better by the five selected herbicides(including mixture formulations)treatments.The above results will give some critical technology reference for weed control in the IMLC pattern in HCR,northwest of China.

关 键 词：玉米-豆科作物间作 杂草控制 除草剂 安全性 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]