流苏树山东不同居群的染色体核型分析  

Chromosome Karyotype Analysis of Five Chionanthus retusus Populations in Shandong Province

作　　者：牛牧歌 郑芹 李际红 刘源 刘翠双 孙茂桐 NIU Muge;ZHENG Qin;LI Jihong;LIU Yuan;LIU Cuishuang;SUN Maotong(College of Forestry,Shandong Agricultural University,Shandong Mountain Tai Forest Ecosystem National Station,Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in the Lower Yellow River,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;Linyi Real Estate Registration and Trading Center,Linyi,Shandong 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学林学院,山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]临沂市不动产登记交易中心,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第4期582-591,共10页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目:林木种质资源挖掘与精准鉴定(2021LZGC023);山东省农业科技资金(林业科技创新):优良乡土树种高效培育与示范(2019LY001)。

摘　　要：该研究采用常规染色体制片技术,对分布于山东省的流苏树5个自然地理居群的染色体核型进行观察分析,以揭示不同居群的流苏树核型特征、差异及其系统亲缘关系,为进一步探明流苏树的系统进化关系奠定细胞学基础。结果表明:(1)流苏树5个居群的染色体数目稳定,均为2n=2x=46;染色体以小型染色体为主;核型主要有中部着丝粒(m)、亚中部着丝粒(sm)组成,其中中部着丝粒居多,有1B、2B两种类型。(2)5个居群的流苏树核型公式分别为:B居群2n=2x=43m+3sm、T居群2n=2x=46m、S居群2n=2x=45m+sm、WS居群2n=2x=44m+2sm、Z居群2n=2x=45m+sm,这或许与其所处环境有关。(3)5个居群的流苏树核型不对称系数在54.29%~58.00%之间,各居群进化程度相对大小依次为B>S>WS>Z>T。(4)聚类分析结果显示,当遗传距离为1时,T和WS居群、B和S居群分别优先聚为一类,表明二者相互间的亲缘关系相对最近。研究认为,B居群和S居群进化程度较高,T居群相对原始,且T居群(泰山罗汉崖的流苏树居群)保护相对最好。This study employed conventional chromosome preparation techniques to observe and analyze the karyotypes of five natural geographic populations of Chionanthus retusus in Shandong Province,in order to reveal the karyotypic features,differences,and phylogenetic relationships among different populations,and to lay the cytological foundation for further investigation of the systematics and evolutionary relationships of C.retusus.The results showed that:(1)the chromosome number of the five populations of C.retusus was stable,with 2n=2x=46;small chromosomes were dominant,and the karyotypes were mainly composed of median centromeres(m)and submedian centromeres(sm),with the former being more abundant,and there were two types of chromosomes,1B and 2B.(2)The karyotype formulae of the five populations of C.retusus were as follows:population B had 2n=2x=43m+3sm,population T had 2n=2x=46m,population S had 2n=2x=45m+sm,population WS had 2n=2x=44m+2sm,and population Z had 2n=2x=45m+sm.This may be related to their respective environments.(3)The asymmetry coefficients of the karyotypes of the five populations were between 54.29%and 58.00%,and the relative evolutionary levels of the populations were B>S>WS>Z>T.(4)The results of cluster analysis showed that when the genetic distance was 1,the populations T and WS and the populations B and S were first clustered together,indicating that their genetic relationships were relatively close.The study suggests that the B and S populations are more advanced in their evolutionary process,while the T population is relatively primitive,indicating that the T population(located at Mount Tai s Luohan Cliff)is relatively well protected.

关 键 词：流苏树 核型分析 进化关系 

分 类 号：Q343.22[生物学—遗传学] S685.99[农业科学—观赏园艺]