新疆平原区天然绿洲生态需水研究  

Research on Ecological Water Demand of Natural Oasis in Plain Region in Xinjiang

作　　者：郝天鹏 李旗进 周和平 HAO Tianpeng;LI Qijin;ZHOU Heping(Xinjiang Baiyang River Basin Administration Bureau,Urumqi 830000,China;Water Conservancy Management Station of Xinjiang Water Resources Department,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆白杨河流域管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆水利厅水利管理总站,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《水资源开发与管理》2023年第5期64-70,共7页Water Resources Development and Management

基　　金：新疆水利科技专项白杨河流域水资源可持续利用关键技术研究及应用(YF2020-01;XSKJ-2022-17)。

摘　　要：为研究新疆山区以下流域平原河谷林草及河流尾闾湿地湖泊天然绿洲生态需水量,选择白杨河流域上游达坂城区和下游托克逊区代表性河谷林草及河流尾闾湿地生境区,采用气象土壤和植被生理三维技术同步监测,运用植被耗水及地统模型进行研究。结果表明,河谷林草耗水强度北疆为245~325mm/a,东疆为400~500mm/a,南疆为370~455mm/a;依靠河流补给生态需水量197亿m^(3);生态需水河道年径流量占比23%~26%,生态基流调控宜遵循河谷林草生长过程及河流“浅漫湿-枯平丰”规律。研究结果可为新疆经济社会生态补水管理提供依据。In order to study the ecological water demand of natural oases such as forests,grasslands,and wetlands in the lower plain valleys and lakes in the river tail below the mountainous area of Xinjiang river basins,the representative habitat areas of forests,grasslands and wetlands in the upstream Dabancheng District and downstream Tuokexun District of Baiyang River basin are selected.The study is conducted using meteorological,soil and vegetation physiological 3D monitoring techniques and vegetation water consumption and GIS models.The results show that the water consumption intensity of forests and grasslands in the valleys is 245~325mm/a in northern Xinjiang,400~500mm/a in eastern Xinjiang,and 370~455mm/a in southern Xinjiang.The ecological water demand relies on 19.7 billion cubic meters of water supplied by rivers.The proportion of ecological water demand to annual river runoff ranges from 23%to 26%.The regulation of ecological base flow should follow the growth process of valley forests and grasslands and the law of“shallow,slow and wet”to“dry,flat and rich”river flows.The research results can provide a basis for the ecological water replenishment management in Xinjiang’s economic and social development.

关 键 词：干旱新疆 平原绿洲 生态需水 分析 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]