2006—2022年贵州三都水族自治县鼠情监测结果分析  

Analysis of Rodent Monitoring Results in Sandu County from 2006 to 2022

作　　者：艾祯仙 陆晓欢 白明琼 黄胤荣 AI Zhenxian;LU Xiaohuan;BAI Mingqiong;HUANG Yinrong(Guizhou Sandu Shui Autonomous County Planting Development Center of Guizhou Province,Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Guizhou 558100,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省三都水族自治县种植业发展中心,贵州黔南布依族苗族自治州558100

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2023年第2期141-147,共7页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：遵义市首批市级人才基地建设项目(遵委[2019]69号);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目(黔科合人才[2015]4019号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确三都水族自治县农区鼠种发生种类、优势种及种群数量的年度、月份及季节变化规律,给农区鼠情监测及防治提供科学依据。【方法】采用夹夜法,于每月上中旬,选择晴朗天气,分别于住宅区、稻田区、旱地耕作区置夹进行监测,对贵州省三都水族自治县2006—2022年不同生境鼠情监测结果进行分析研究。【结果】三都水族自治县家栖鼠和农田鼠种有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、黑腹绒鼠、鼩鼱5种,住宅区以褐家鼠、小家鼠、黄胸鼠为优势种,稻田区、旱地区以褐家鼠和黄胸鼠为优势种,小家鼠为常见种,不同月份间混合鼠种种群数量形成3个高峰期,第1个高峰期为3月,第2个高峰期为6月,第3个高峰期为9—10月,春季和秋季的种群密度高于夏季和冬季。【结论】褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠为三都水族自治县主要监测及防治对象,防治适期主要为春季3—5月和秋季8—9月,主要推广应用毒饵站灭鼠技术和TBS灭鼠技术。[Objective]This study was conducted to clarify the annual,monthly and seasonal changes of rodent species,dominant species and population numbers in agricultural areas of Sandu County,and to provide scientific basis for rodent surveillance and control.[Method]In the early and middle days of each month,clear weather was selected to do the monitoring work in residential areas,rice fields and dry land farming areas by using the night trapping method.The monitoring results of rodents in different habitats in Sandu County,Guizhou Province,from 2006 to 2022,were analyzed.[Result]There were five species of rodents in Sandu County,namely Rattus norvegicus,Rattus tanezumi,Mus musculus,Crocidura suaveolens,and Eothenomys melanogaster.Of them,R.norvegicus,M.musculus,and R.tanezumi,were the dominant species in residential areas;while in rice fields and dry land farming areas,R.norvegicus and R.tanezumi were the dominant,M.musculus the common species.In different months,the number of the mixed rat populations formed three peaks:the first peak was March,the second peak was June,and the third peak was September and October.The population density in spring and autumn was higher than that in summer and winter.[Conclusion]R.norvegicus,R.tanezumi,M.musculus,are the main monitoring and control targets in Sandu County,and the suitable control period is mainly from March to May in spring and from August to September in autumn.The rodent control techniques of poison bait station and TBS are mainly popularized and applied.

关 键 词：鼠种组成 优势鼠种 种群数量 变化规律 三都水族自治县 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S443.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]