论菲律宾南海政策的国会介入及对南海问题的影响  

Congressional Intervention in the Philippines’Policy towards the South China Sea and Its Influence on the South China Sea Issue

作　　者：李涛[1] LI Tao(Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第5期93-106,共14页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“东南亚国家中小学历史教科书中的涉华重大叙事研究”(21ASS006)的阶段性成果;云南省哲学社会科学张宇燕专家工作站资助(2022GZZH01)。

摘　　要：菲律宾是西式民主体制国家,国会作为三权分立政治权力结构中的重要一环,在与政府的南海政策决策过程有着明显的竞争、制衡与互动关系。全面考察菲国会对其政府南海政策决策过程中的动态作用及影响,对于准确评估及应对南海地区安全局势发展具有重要现实意义。通过检视近20年来的各种公开国会记录、政府文件、议员公开演讲和新闻发布会等,重点探讨了菲国会对阿罗约政府、阿基诺三世政府和杜特尔特政府在南海政策制定与实施过程中的介入方式、特点、趋向和影响。研究发现,基于宪法赋予的权力基础,以及国内反华保守派势力与民粹主义的“民意基础”,菲国会在南海问题的政策立场和利益诉求表达以及对华攻讦、诉诸行动举措等方面,较之政府层面更为坚定、强硬和激进。菲府会在南海政策决策过程的角色虽有差异,甚至有冲突与对立的一面,但在持续推动南海问题“东盟化”“国际化”,以抵消中国在南海地区的实力优势,以及维护其所谓南海主权及海洋利益这一根本目的上却存有较高的共识度。The Philippines is a country with a Western-style democratic system.As an important part of the political power structure,the Congress has obvious competition,checks and balances and interaction with the government in the decision-making process of the South China Sea policy.A comprehensive investigation of the dynamic role and influence of the Philippine Congress in the decision-making process of its government’s policy towards the South China Sea is of great practical significance for accurately assessing and responding to the development of the security situation in the South China Sea.By reviewing various public congressional records,governmental documents,public speeches and press conferences of the Philippine Congress over the past 20 years,this paper focuses on the Philippine Congress’s views on the formulation and implementation of South China Sea policies made by the Arroyo administration,the Aquino Ⅲ administration and the Duterte administration.This research observes the means,characteristics,trends and influences of the intervention in the process.As the study found,based on the power entrusted by the Constitution and the public opinion of anti-China conservative forces and populism,the Philippine Congress’s policy position has become more determined,tough and radical in terms of the South China Sea issue and actions on China.While the Philippine government has various and conflicting roles in the decision-making process of the South China Sea policy,it is continuing to promote the ASEANization and internationalization of the South China Sea issue to offset China’s strength in the region.There is a high degree of consensus on the fundamental purpose of the so-called sovereignty and maritime interests in the South China Sea.

关 键 词：菲律宾国会 外交政策 国内政治 南海政策 中菲关系 

分 类 号：D815.3[政治法律—国际关系]