成就与预警:我国高等教育普及化进程的思考  

Achievements and Early Warnings:Reflections on the Process of Universalization of Higher Education in China

作　　者：邬大光 WU Daguang(Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000;Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005;China Association of Higher Education,Beijing 100191)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学高等教育研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005 [3]中国高等教育学会,北京100191

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2023年第4期8-18,共11页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2023年度“中国高等教育改革发展重大理论与实践问题研究”课题“高等教育现代化与本土化关系研究”(2023ZD08)的研究成果。

摘　　要：普及化程度是衡量一个国家高等教育发展水平的重要指标之一,也是二战之后各国高等教育发展的共同趋势。我国经过20余年的努力,已经完成了高等教育从大众化到普及化的过渡,其中的经验和教训值得总结。作为分析高等教育规模扩张问题的经典理论之一,马丁·特罗基于美国早期高等教育大众化发展提出的“三阶段理论”在我国影响巨大,但因其理论自身的局限性以及中美两国高等教育历史和制度的差异,我国对该理论的解读存在某些偏差。针对我国刚刚进入普及化阶段,以我国高等教育规模扩张取得的成就与存在的问题为切入点,重新梳理了特罗大众化理论的内涵与本质,指出了需要基于时代变化重新认识其理论价值,并从“中国式现代化”的视角提出了我国高等教育在普及化进程中应给予预警和重新建构的若干问题。The degree of universalization is one of the important indicators to measure the development level of higher education in a country,and it is also a common trend in the development of higher education in all countries after World War II.After more than twenty years of efforts,China has completed the transition from mass to universalization of higher education,the experience and lessons of which are worth summarizing.As one of the classic theories for analyzing the expansion of higher education,the“three-stage theory”proposed by Martin Trow based on the early mass development of higher education in the United States has a great influence in China,but due to its own limitations and the different history and systems of higher education in China and the United States,there are some deviations in the interpretation of this theory in China.In view of the fact that China has just entered the stage of universalization,this paper takes the achievements and problems of China's higher education expansion as the starting point,reconsiders the connotation and essence of Trow's theory of mass,points out the need to reconceptualize its theoretical value based on the changes of the times,and puts forward some issues that should be warned and reconstructed in the process of universalization of China's higher education from the perspective of“Chinese Path to Modernization”.

关 键 词：高等教育 大众化 普及化 马丁·特罗 预警 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]