长江滩地血防林建设与钉螺分布的相关性研究  

Study on the Correlation between the Establishment of Oncomelania hupensis Control and Schistosomiasis-prevention Plantations and Distribution of Oncomelania hitpensis in Marshlands along the Yangtze River

作　　者：方建民[1] 苏守香[1] 郭婉琳 宋晶晶 汪国柱 周平华 FANG Jianmin;SU Shouxiang;GUO Wanlin;SONG Jingjing;WANG Guozhu;ZHOU Pinghua(Anhui Academy of Forestry,Hefei 230031,Anhui,China;Forestry Bureau of Wangjiang County,Anqing 246200,Anhui,China;Huayang Township Central Forestry Station,Forestiy Bureau of Wangjiang County,Anqing 246200,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省林业科学研究院,安徽合肥230031 [2]望江县林业局,安徽安庆246200 [3]望江县林业局华阳中心林业站,安徽安庆246200

出　　处：《安徽林业科技》2023年第2期19-26,共8页Anhui Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家林业与草原局林业血防工程质量与效益监测(编号:国林丰技字[2018]4号);安徽省林业血防工程质量与效益监测项目[编号:安徽现代林业发展(2018—2022)]。

摘　　要：本文以望江县国家级林业血防工程质量与效益监测点为依托,通过多年对钉螺分布、林草植物群落结构、林地经营模式、土壤理化性质、气候变化(水旱情状况)等生物和非生物要素的定量分析,研究血防林建设与钉螺分布的内在联系及其相关性。结果表明,(1)血防林建设显著降低了钉螺密度,监测点新造林活螺密度从0.6480~1.4250只/0.11 m^(2)下降至0.0558~0.1351只/0.11 m^(2)。(2)不同模式、季节、耕作方式和气候变化对钉螺的年际分布具有显著影响。活螺密度:遇旱下降、遇汛上升,间作<翻耕不间作<不翻耕不间作,秋季<春季及新造林<对照。(3)钉螺密度年际变化与土壤理化性质显著相关。滩地造林后,土壤含水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量、总孔隙度和全钾明显下降,而土壤的pH值、容重明显升高,林地土壤的诸多理化指标发生显著变化,导致钉螺密度显著降低(P<0.05)。(4)血防林建设改变了林下草本植物群落的物种组成,草本植物群落的多样性指数越高,抑螺效果越好;与钉螺密度显著相关的是草本植物群落物种的相对盖度。综上所述,血防林建设引起了滩地生物和非生物诸多要素的显著改变,不同要素的交互作用共同影响钉螺分布,导致钉螺密度显著降低,具有明显的抑螺效应。In this paper,a study was made on the inner connection and correlation between the establishment of Oncomelania hupensis control and schistosomiasis-prevention plantations and the distribution of 0.hupensis based on the quality and benefit monitoring point of the national forestry schistosomiasis prevention project in Wangjiang County and years of quantitative analysis on the biotic and abiotic elements including distribution of 0.hupensist forest and grass community structure,forestland management mode,soil physicochemical properties,climate change(floods and droughts).The results showed:1.The establishment of tke plantations has significantly reduced the density of 0.hupensis,the density of live 0.hupensis at the new forested area within the monitoring point decreased from 0.6480〜1.4250/0.11 m^(2)to 0.0558〜0.1351/0.11 m^(2).2.Different patterns,seasons,farming methods and climate change have significant influence on the interannual distribution of 0.hupensis and the live 0.hupensis density decreased in drought periods and increased in flood ones and fluctuated with the factors in the sequence of intercropping<tilling without intercropping<no tilling or intercropping,in autumn<in spring and in new forested area<the control.3.The interannual variation of 0.hupensis density was significantly correlated with the soil physicochemical properties.After afforestation in marshlands,the soil water content,capillary water capacity,maximum water holding capacity,total porosity and total potassium all decreased significantly while the soil pH value and volume-weight increased significantly,and significant changes in many physicochemical indexes of forest soil resulted in a significant decrease of 0.hupensis density(P<0.05).4.The establishment of the plantations has changed the species composition of understory herbaceous communities,and the higher the diversity index of herbaceous communities,the better the effect of 0.hupensis control.The relative coverage of herbaceous community species was significantly related to 0.

关 键 词：血防林建设 生物及非生物要素 钉螺分布 相关性 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]