比较优势产业政策与企业减排:基于新结构经济学视角  

Industrial Development Policy with Comparative Advantages and Firm Pollution Reduction:Based on the Perspective of New Structural Economics

作　　者：林毅夫 蔡嘉瑶[1,3] 夏俊杰 LIN Yi-fu;CAI Jia-yao;XIA Jun-jie

机构地区：[1]北京大学新结构经济学研究院 [2]北京大学南南合作与发展学院 [3]海关总署研究中心 [4]中央财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《改革》2023年第5期1-17,共17页Reform

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“中国经济发展研究”(72141301);马克思主义理论研究和建设工程重大项目、国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国经济发展模式及其特点研究”(2021MZD015);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“中国财政分权体系下的地方环境治理问题及对策研究”(19YJC790003)。

摘　　要：加强产业政策与环保规制政策的协同,有助于实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护目标共赢。在面临环保规制压力时,企业有两类减排方式选择,一类减排方式会导致牺牲经济绩效的冲突性困境,另一类减排方式则可实现环保与经济绩效的共赢。后一类减排方式是高质量发展的有效实现路径,但激励企业选择此类减排方式的条件尚缺乏研究。产业发展方式是一个重要因素,在符合比较优势的产业发展战略下,产业中的企业环保绩效显著提升,企业污染物排放强度降低,且通过环保与经济绩效共赢的减排方式实现。内在机制在于,符合比较优势产业中的企业更具有自生能力,通过清洁生产实现减排的能力和意愿更强,具体包括改进绿色技术、增加环保设备设施投入等措施,此类减排机制有助于实现环保与经济绩效共赢,而并非以牺牲经济绩效为代价。深入打好污染防治攻坚战,除直接运用环保政策工具对污染企业进行约束外,还可协同使用产业政策工具,采用遵循比较优势的产业政策,提升企业满足环保合规性的能力、意愿和环保绩效表现,实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护协同目标的达成。Increasing the synergy between industrial policy and environmental regulation policy contributes largely to achieve the dual goal of sustainable economic growth and environmental protection.Under the enforcement of environmental regulatory,firms mainly have two options.One is to reduce pollution by lowering production,which is widely viewed as a conflicting dilemma.The other strategy is to improve the harmony between economic growth and environmental protection,which has become a crucial policy agenda in China.However,how to increase the incentives of firms to adopt the second strategy is still lack of evidence in previous literature.Having considered the importance o£heterogenous industrial development mode,this paper provides evidence that the industrial development strategy with following comparative advantages could increase firm environmental protection efficiency and reduce the pollution intensity,which is not achieved at the expense of reducing production.The reason is that firms in an industry following comparative advantage would perform economically better and have stronger viability,and thus,are willing to contribute more to environmental protection by adopting cleaner production technology and investing more in environmental protection machinery.This mechanism is crucial to the win-win situation of maintaining economic growth and improving environmental protection.In sum,our paper provides new insights to the policy discussion of reducing pollution without scarifying economic growth.A feasible solution is to increase the synergy between industrial policy and environmental regulation by following comparative advantages.

关 键 词：比较优势 产业政策 环保绩效 企业减排 

分 类 号：F123[经济管理—世界经济]