秸秆及其生物炭添加对土壤Olsen-P及磷素组分的影响  

Effects of Straw Incorporation and Biochar Amendment on Olsen-P and Phosphorus Fraction in Soil

作　　者：甘国渝 金慧芳 李燕丽 杨军 李继福[1] 姚荣江[2] 杨劲松[2] 朱海 GAN Guoyu;JIN Huifang;LI Yanli;Yang Jun;LI Jifu;YAO Rongjiang;YANG Jinsong;ZHU Hai(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University/Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Jingzhou 434025,China;Nanjing Soil Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil and Agricultural Sustainable Development,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院/湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心/涝渍灾害与湿地农业湖北省重点实验室,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第5期43-51,共9页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42207414,42107370);湖北省教育厅中青年人才项目(Q20181303);长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金项目(KF202115)共同资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究和对比秸秆和生物炭添加对土壤磷素及Olsen-P量变化的影响。【方法】以江汉平原典型水稻土为研究对象,进行了室内恒温土培试验。试验设置不同水分模拟旱地和水田两种土地利用方式,分别设置高量生物炭(BC2)、低量生物炭(BC1)、高量秸秆(SC2)、低量秸秆(SC1)和无添加(CK)处理,25℃下恒温培养30 d。利用Hedley磷素形态分级法对各处理土壤进行磷素分级,同时测定土壤Olsen-P量及其他理化指标。【结果】在旱地土壤中,添加生物炭使得土壤Olsen-P量增加了1.78~1.46mg/kg,添加秸秆使得土壤Olsen-P量分别增加了4.46~1.72 mg/kg。在水田土壤中,添加生物炭使得土壤Olsen-P量分别增加了22.42~12.04 mg/kg,添加秸秆使得土壤Olsen-P量分别增加了6.37~4.27 mg/kg。磷素形态分级结果表明各处理土壤中不同磷素组分量差异较大,由高到低依次表现为HCl-P>NaOH-P>NaHCO_(3)-P>H_(2)O-P。综合旱地和水田土壤来看,添加生物炭提高了土壤pH值、总氮(TN)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤总有机碳(SOC)量。而添加秸秆提高了土壤总磷(TP)、DOC和SOC量。添加生物炭处理土壤中,Olsen-P量与H_(2)O-P、NaHCO_(3)-P、SOC和NH4+-N量呈极显著正相关。添加秸秆处理土壤Olsen-P量与NaOH-P、HCl-P、TN和NH4+-N量呈显著正相关关系。【结论】可见,生物炭和秸秆还田主要是通过影响土壤pH、TN和SOC量,促进土壤中Olsen-P的积累,同时改变土壤的磷素分级状况,进而提高土壤供磷水平和能力。【Objective】The low mobility of phosphorus in soil is a main factor limiting its bioavailability.In this paper.The efficacy of straw incorporation and biochar amendment in improving Olsen-P and changing P fraction is soil was studied.【Method】The study was based on incubation experiment.Soil taken from a rice field was used in experiments under two soil water contents to mimic paddy field and dried land,respectively.For each soil water treatment,there were four soil amendments:a high(BC2)and a low(BC1)biochar amendment,a high(SC2)and a low(SC1)straw incorporation.The control is without soil amendment(CK).The Hedley phosphorus speciation method was used to classify P fraction in each treatment,and the Olsen-P content and other soil physicochemical properties were measured using standard methods.【Result】Depending on its application rate,biochar amendment increased Olsen-P content in the dried soil and the paddy soil by 1.78 to 1.46 mg/kg and 12.04~22.42 mg/kg,respectively.Straw incorporation increased Olsen-P content in the dried soil and the paddy soil by 4.46~1.72 mg/kg and 6.37 to 4.27 mg/kg,respectively,also depending on its application amount.The phosphorus components varied with treatment but in all treatments,it was found that HCl-P>NaOH-P>NaHCO_(3)-P>H_(2)O-P.Biochar amendment increased soil pH,total nitrogen(TN),soluble organic carbon(DOC)and organic carbon(SOC)content,while straw incorporation increased soil total phosphorus(TP),DOC and SOC content.In soil amended with biochar,Olsen-P content was positively correlated with H_(2)O-P,NaHCO_(3)-P,SOC and NH4+-N,at significant level,while in soil amended with straw,Olsen-P content was positively correlated with NaOH-P,HCl-P,TN and NH4+-N,also at significant level.【Conclusion】Biochar amendment and straw incorporation promoted accumulation of Olsen-P in the soils,primarily affected by change in soil pH,TN,and SOC,as well as the changes in phosphorus components.These enhanced the bioavailability of phosphorus.

关 键 词：生物炭 秸秆 Hedley磷素形态分级法 OLSEN-P 

分 类 号：S565[农业科学—作物学]