叶面施硒与土壤水分互作对温室番茄生长和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Leaf Selenium Application and Soil Water Interaction on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Tomato in Greenhouse

作　　者：宋嘉雯 李欢欢 辛朗 申军 刘浩[2] 王兴鹏[1] 钟原 SONG Jiawen;LI Huanhuan;XIN Lang;SHEN Jun;LIU Hao;WANG Xingpeng;ZHONG Yuan(College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China;Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;Inner Mongolia Water Conservancy Development Center,Huhhot 010020,China;College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453002 [3]内蒙古水利事业发展中心,呼和浩特010020 [4]郑州大学农学院,郑州450000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第5期52-59,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52279052,51779259);塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目(TDZKC202002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索叶面喷施外源硒与土壤水分互作对温室番茄植株生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】以温室番茄(京番404)为研究对象,设置4种外源硒(硒源:Na2SeO3)喷施质量浓度(S0:清水对照,S2.5:2.5mg/L,S5:5 mg/L和S10:10 mg/L)和3种灌溉控制水平(灌水下限分别控制为田间持水率的50%(W1:重度干旱)、田间持水率的65%(W2:轻度干旱)、田间持水率的80%(W3:充分供水))的盆栽试验,研究土壤水分和叶面外源硒喷施质量浓度对温室番茄植株与果实生长、含硒量、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】随着灌溉控制水平的增大,株高、茎粗及果实平均生长速率均显著增大,且显著影响了叶片含硒量。叶面喷施外源硒对株高及番茄生长速率的影响达到了显著水平(p<0.01),极显著地影响了叶片和果实含硒量(p<0.001),且随外源硒喷施质量浓度的增大显著增大,与S0处理相比,叶面喷施外源硒处理的平均果实含硒量增加了3.5~14.3倍。平均单果质量、单株产量和水分利用效率均随灌溉控制水平的增大而增大,随叶面外源硒喷施质量浓度的增大而减小。【结论】叶面喷施低质量浓度外源硒对植株生长、含硒量累积、产量和水分利用效率均有促进作用,叶面外源硒喷施质量浓度为2.5 mg/L,灌水下限为田间持水率的80%时,可以在达到为人体补硒效果的前提下也促进了温室番茄产量的形成,尤其缓解了重度干旱对温室番茄生长和产量造成的不利影响。【Objective】To explore the effects of the interaction between leaf spraying and soil water on the growth yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants in greenhouse.【Method】The objective is through pot experiment,this study took greenhouse tomato(Jingfan 404)as the research object,four exogenous selenium(selenium source:Na2SeO3)spraying concentration(S0:clear water control,S2.5:2.5 mg/L,S5:5 mg/L and S10:10 mg/L)and three irrigation control levels were set(the lower irrigation limit was controlled as 50%)of field water capacity(W1:severe drought),65%(W2:mild drought),80%(W3:full water supply),a total of 12 treatments,to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and foliar spraying different concentrations of selenium on the growth,selenium content,yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants and fruits in greenhouse.【Result】With the increase of irrigation control level,plant height,stem diameter and fruit average growth rate increased significantly,and significantly affected leaf selenium content.The effects of exogenous selenium on plant height and tomato growth rate reached a significant level(p<0.01),and significantly affected the selenium content of leaves and fruits(p<0.001),and increased significantly with the increase of the mass concentration of exogenous selenium spray.Compared with S0 treatment,the average fruits selenium content of exogenous selenium spray treatment increased by 3.5~14.3 times.Theaverage fruit weight,yield per plant and water use efficiency all increased with the increase of irrigation control level,but decreased with the increase of exogenous selenium spraying mass concentration.【Conclusion】Leaf spraying with low concentration of exogenous selenium can promote plant growth,selenium content accumulation,yield and water use efficiency.When the mass concentration of exogenous selenium spraying is 2.5 mg/L and the lower limit of irrigation is 80%of the field water holding rate,it can also promote the production of greenhouse tomato under the premise of se

关 键 词：外源硒 产量 水分利用效率 干旱胁迫 番茄 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]