宁夏盐碱地成因及分区治理措施综述  

Saline-alkali Soil Formation and Its Remediation Strategies in Different Regions of Ningxia:A Comprehensive Review

作　　者：贾壮壮 谭亚男[1] 管孝艳[1] 王忠静 陶园[1] JIA Zhuangzhuang;TAN Ya’nan;GUAN Xiaoyan;WANG Zhongjing;TAO Yuan(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100084,China;Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100084 [2]宁夏大学,银川750021

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第5期122-134,共13页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);国家自然科学基金项目(51909277);青海省基础研究项目(2021-ZJ-709)。

摘　　要：【目的】综述宁夏典型片区盐碱地成因和治理措施,归纳形成宁夏盐碱地分区高效治理模式。【方法】选取红寺堡区、平罗县、惠农区、兴庆区和贺兰县为典型片区,从土壤质地、地下水位、气候条件、灌排条件、地形地貌和土地利用方式等方面梳理盐碱地成因,总结灌排管理、物理调控、化学调理和生物改良等治理措施及评价应用效果,提炼分区高效治理模式。【结果】宁夏盐碱地共同成因包括干旱少雨、蒸发强烈、人类活动影响和灌排不协调等;分区成因主要为红寺堡区弱透水层及洼地盐分淋洗效率低,平罗县西大滩白僵土碱化度高和渠口乡作物插花种植,惠农区地下水受黄河水顶托常年居高不下,兴庆区风沙土土质易加速土壤蒸发返盐以及贺兰县成土母质含盐量高和低洼地区排水不畅等;基础治理措施为建立良好的灌排体系,针对性的分区典型治理措施包括红寺堡区应通过物理调控打破弱透水层形成连贯排水通道,平罗县西大滩应着重改善白僵土土壤结构,平罗县渠口乡应推进土地利用类型合理化,惠农区应以优化供水格局、促进排水和降低地下水位为主要措施,兴庆区则应通过合理灌溉实现抑盐作用和培肥提升地力,而贺兰县则应以改良土壤特性、排水和研究种养循环模式为主。【结论】各分区需在建立良好的灌排条件的基础上,兼顾其他治理措施,实现高效协同治理,同时加强水盐监测、多措并举实现宁夏盐碱地分区综合治理。【Objective】Saline-alkali soils in northwestern China are many and vary.The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of their causes and remediation in typical regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and to develop efficient management models for such lands.【Method】Five typical regions,including Hongsipu District,Pingluo County,Huinong District,Xingqing District,and Helan County,were selected for analysis.The causes of saline-alkali land were investigated based on soil texture,groundwater depth,climatic conditions,irrigation and drainage system,topography and geomorphology,and land usages.【Result】The common causes of saline-alkali land in each area included drought and low rainfall,strong evaporation,influence of human activities,and uncoordinated irrigation and drainage.The difference in formation of the saline-alkali soil between the areas was the presence of a low permeable layer and the depression in Hongsipu District,high alkalinity of calcic haploxerolls in Xidatan,Pingluo County,and the crops grown in Qukou Township.In Huinong District,high groundwater table due to recharge of the Yellow River was the main cause of soil salinity,while the enhanced evaporation from aeolian sandy soil in Xingqing District resulted in salt accumulation in the proximity of the soil surface.High salt content in the parent material of the soil in Helan County and the poor drainage in low-lying areas led to soil salinity.Mitigating soil salinity in all areas is to improve irrigation and drainage systems.For example,breaking the weak permeable layer to improve drainage will work better for Hongsipu District,while improving the structure of calcic haploxerolls in Xidatan of Pingluo County and promoting rational land use in Qukou Township,optimizing the water supply and drainage,and lowering the groundwater level in Huinong District,can relieve salinity stresses【.Conclusion】In conclusion,irrigation and drainage should be improved in all areas.It should also consider other measures such as improving water and

关 键 词：宁夏 盐碱地 典型片区成因 分区治理措施 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]