“降”的音义考释与上古汉语变读规则  

Study on Phonetic and Semantic Interpretation of“jiang”and the Rules of Phonetic Change in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：王月婷 Wang Yueting(School of Humanities,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310023)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学人文学院,浙江杭州310023

出　　处：《语言科学》2023年第2期208-216,共9页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(18BYY162)资助。

摘　　要：“降”原本是自主不及物的动作动词,其常见及物结构其实是使动用法;同时兼有“于”字结构、双宾A式两种用法。根据三条变读及句法规则:1)自主不及物的动作动词的使动从不变读,2)“V+非受事”动词变读去声,3)同一动词若同时进入“于”字结构、双宾A式,则后者变读去声,我们认为双宾A式的“降”读见母去声其实是去声变读,由此反推出“于”字结构的“降”及其原始词皆读见母平声。进一步观察得出:事件的弱势方充当主语,属“客方”句式、“降”变读匣母平声;若事件的强势方充当主语是为“主方”句式、“降”应该读见母平声。“Jiang”was originally an action verb of autonomous intransitive,and its common transitive structure is actually the causative expression.It also fits in the structure of“yu”and the double object A form.Acroding to the three rules of phonetic-change and syntax:1)the causative expression of an action verb with an intransitive autonomy never transmutes;2)The“Verb+non-patient”verb transmutes into departing tone;3)If the same verb enters the“yu”structure and the double object A form at the same time,the latter transmutes into departing tone.It can be concluded that“jiang”in the double object A is actually the transmutation of the departing tone.Meanwhile,it can be deduced that the word“jiang”in structure of“yu”and its original words are both pronounced as the level tone of in the initial group of“jian”.Further investigation has found that:1)It takes the weak party as the subject,belonging to the“guest side”sentence pattern and“jiang”here transmutes into the level tone in the initial group of“xia”;2)The strong party acts as the subject and it belongs to the“host side”sentence pattern,and“jiang”here should be read as the level tone in the initial group of“jian”.

关 键 词：上古汉语 异读 “降” “于”字结构 双宾式 主方—客方 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]