动宾式短语“V个NP”的语法特性、时体意义与句法结构  

The Grammatical Properties,Tense-Aspect Meanings and Syntactic Structures of VO Dhrase“V ge NP”

作　　者：陆志军[1] Lu Zhijun(Scholl of Foreign Languages,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong 510006)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学外国语学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《语言科学》2022年第5期498-508,共11页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA291)资助。

摘　　要：三类“V+NP”短语在V与NP之间的离合度方面形成一个从合到离的连续统,而非量词“个”与量词“个”形成一个从“离”到“合”的反向连续统。非量词“个”兼具两种语法意义:表时间性界限的限时体标记和表态度性界限的主观语气标记。前者表明“个”对未然、方然、曾然或已然事态的界化特性,而后者表明“个”的小量性、低估性或轻松随便的语气。非量词“个”是表限时的事态体标记。事态体标记“个”的句法位置高于语法体标记“着、了_(1)、过”,能够将动词所指涉的某种动作或“着、了_(1)、过”所指涉的某种事件转化为相应的事态。与量词“个”连用的“V+NP”是在句法中推导生成的短语结构,与非量词“个”连用的“V+NP”则是在词汇矩阵中直接生成的词结构。Three types of“V+NP”phrases form the continuum from separability to adherence regarding the separability degree between V and NP,yet the non-classifier ge and the classifier ge form the continuum from adherence to separability.Ge shows two types of grammatical meanings:the delimiting perfect marker with temporal boundary and the subjective mood marker with attitudinal boundary.The former shows ge's delimiting character toward realis,present,once and irrealis state-of-affairs,and the latter shows ge's diminutive,under-evaluative and causal tone.The non-classifier ge is a delimiting state of-affairs aspect marker.State of affairs aspect marker ge's syntactic position is higher than grammatical aspect marker zhe,le_(1) and guo,and can transfer some action a verb de-notes or some event zhe,le_(1)or guo denotes into a corresponding state of-affair.The“V+NP”occur-ring with the classifier ge is a phrase structure generated in the syntax,but the“V+NP”occurring.with the non-classifier ge is a word structure directly generated in the lexical array.

关 键 词：V个NP 个 非量词 离合度 事态体标记 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]