棉花夏播短季栽培高产高效生产模型研究  

Study on Summer-Sowed Cotton Short Season Cultivation Model of High-Yielding and Efficient Production

作　　者：阳会兵[1] 刘芸 杨伟清 张亮 胡呈武 杨俊兴[1] YANG Huibing;LIU Yun;YANG Weiqing;ZHANG Liang;HU Chengwu;YANG Junxing(Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Liuyang Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Liuyang,Hunan 410128,China;Liuyang Wujian Agricultural Machinery Cooperative,Liuyang,Hunan,430300,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学,湖南长沙410128 [2]浏阳市农业农村局,湖南浏阳410300 [3]浏阳市武建农机合作社,湖南浏阳430300

出　　处：《农业研究与应用》2023年第1期21-27,共7页Agricultural Research and Application

基　　金：2022年湖南省棉花科技创新专项(湘财建指[2022]51号);2021年湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30348)。

摘　　要：研究栽培措施与棉花产量之间的关系,寻找其最佳的生产管理方案,是夺取单位面积高产、提高经济效益的重要途径。本试验以早熟品种JX0010为供试材料,于2018—2019年在浏阳永和设定施氮量、种植密度、播期三个栽培因子,采用311-A最优二次回归设计,对棉花的农艺性状、干物质、光合作用、产量和品质等进行一系列的研究,建立适合长江流域棉区短季栽培的高产、高效数学模型,以在生产上推广应用。结合试验过程中的成本、收益及早熟情况进行综合分析与评价,结果分析表明,最高产量模型组合及最优生产模型推行方案为:露地直播,5月20日左右播种,施氮量为225 kg/hm^(2),种植密度为5.25万株/hm^(2),可获得平均皮棉产量为1372.16 kg/hm^(2),10月10日收花截止,按生育期140 d计算,日均皮棉产量为9.801kg/hm^(2),用工日为135个/hm^(2),植棉效益为6783.77元/hm^(2)。To study relationship between cultivation measures and cotton yield for optimal production management method is an important way to gain high yield per unit area and greater economic benefits.In this experiment,the early-maturing variety JX0010 was used as test material.From 2018 to 2019,three cultivation factors,nitrogen application rate,planting density and sowing date were set inYonghe,Liuyang.Studies on agronomic traits,drymatter,photosynthesis,yield and quality of cotton were carried out using 311-A optimal quadratic regression design.Mathematical model of highyielding and efficient short season cultivation suitable for cotton production area ofYangtze River Basin was established to be popularized and applied in production.Considering cost,benefit and earlymaturity in the experiments,comprehensive analysis and evaluationwere carried out.The results showed that plan combiningmodel formaximumyield and optimal productionwas as follows:With open field direct seeding onMay 20th,nitrogen application rate of 225 kg/hm^(2),planting density of 52,500 plants/hm^(2),the average lint yield of 1372.16 kg/hm^(2);byOctober 10thwhen flower harvest ended,the average daily lint yield was 9.801 kg/hm^(2) during 140 d growth period.The labor was 135 working days/hm^(2),and the benefit of cotton plantingwas 6783.77 yuan/hm^(2).

关 键 词：棉花 短季栽培 露地直播 高产高效 生产模型 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]