祁连山国家公园不同退化高寒草甸植物与土壤特性研究  

Plant and Soil Characteristics of Different Degraded Alpine Meadows in Qilian Mountain National Park

作　　者：赵帅[1] 杨文权[2] 蔺宝珺 乔千洛 武燕茹 李钦瑶 张生祥 韩显忠 李希来[4] 寇建村[1] ZHAO Shuai;YANG Wen-quan;LIN Bao-jun;QIAO Qian-luo;WU Yan-ru;LI Qin-yao;ZHANG Sheng-xiang;HAN Xian-zhong;LI Xi-lai;KOU Jian-cun(College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province 712100,China;College of Life Sciences,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi Province 712100,China;Menyuan County Grassland Station,Menyuan,Qinghai Province 810300,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,hina)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]门源县草原站,青海门源810300 [4]青海大学农牧学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第5期1530-1538,共9页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：2021年第一批林业草原生态保护恢复资金自然资源调查监测项目(QHXH-2021-018);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20191);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(青[2021]TG01号);青海省财政林业改革发展资金技术推广项目([2021]001号)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以祁连山国家公园内不同退化程度高寒草甸为研究对象,通过测定植被特征及土壤养分指标,结合相关性分析和冗余分析(Redundance analysis,RDA)探究植物群落和土壤理化性质及其内在关系。结果表明:未退化草甸植被以莎草科、禾本科为主,随退化程度的加重,禾本科植物逐渐被豆科、杂类草(如菊科)所取代,植物群落的高度、盖度、地上生物量和植物群落的多样性指数均呈下降趋势,土壤含水量、总孔隙度、速效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量和有机质含量逐渐降低,而土壤容重、pH值逐渐增加,与未退化高寒草甸相比,重度退化高寒草甸土壤含水量和有机质含量分别下降了61.3%,43.8%,土壤容重上升了37.8%;相关性分析表明,植物特征与土壤因子之间存在显著相关性,其中植被盖度和地上生物量受到土壤容重、含水量、总孔隙度、速效磷含量的影响较大。本研究可为全面了解高寒草甸的退化机制以及退化预测、管理和恢复研究提供一定理论依据。In this study,the plant community and soil physicochemical properties and their intrinsic relationships were investigated by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis(RDA)through the measurements of vegetation characteristics and calculation of soil nutrient indexes in alpine meadows in different degradation status in Qilian Mountain National Park.The results showed that the species of Salicaceae and Gramineae families were the dominant ones in the undegraded meadow.With the increase of degradation,the Gramineae species were gradually replaced by legumes and forbs(e.g.Asteraceae),and the vegetation height,coverage,aboveground biomass,and diversity index of the plant community were decreasing,while the water content,total porosity,available nitrogen content,available phosphorus content,available potassium content,total nitrogen content,total phosphorus content,total potassium content and organic matter content of soils gradually decreased along with the gradual increases of soil bulk density and pH value.Compared to the undegraded alpine meadows,the soil water content and organic matter content of the heavily degraded alpine meadows decreased by 61.3%and 43.8%,respectively,and the soil capacity increased by 37.8%;Correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between plant characteristics and soil physicochemical factors,among which vegetation coverage and above-ground biomass were more influenced by the bulk density,water content,total porosity,and fast-acting phosphorus content of soils.This study could provide a theoretical basis for a comprehensive understanding of the degradation mechanism of alpine meadows and degradation prevention,alpine meadow management and restoration research.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 退化程度 植物群落 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]