宋代官员消费食盐来源的市场化--从“食租衣税”到“市场买盐”分析  

Marketization of the Source of Salt Consumed by Officials in Song Dynasty From“Food Rent and Clothing Tax”to“Market Buying Salt”

作　　者：李俊杰 彭霞[2] LI Junjie;PENG Xia(School of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China;Xixian High School Affiliated to Central China Normal University,Xinyang,Henan 465350,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,昆明650091 [2]华中师范大学附属息县高级中学,河南信阳465350

出　　处：《重庆交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期87-94,共8页Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：云南大学研究生科研创新基金项目资助:云南大学第十三届研究生科研创新项目(2021Z006)。

摘　　要：宋廷调整官员的赋盐方式,以适应专卖制度下国家对盐利的追求。一方面,宋廷为高级官员提供“俸料盐”“赏赐盐”等,以示对高级官员的恩宠。另一方面,宋廷让大多数品官之家只能在市场上买盐食用,从而增加了食用官盐人口的数量,有利于国家盐课收入的增长;且不同于民户广泛存在抑配买盐,宋代的品官之家长期免于科配,由此体现宋廷对普通官员的关照。然而,官员进入市场自由买盐与法律上对官员贩私活动的微弱约束,为官员的贩私谋利创造了条件,进而分割了专卖制度下国家盐课的收入,使得国家制度调整的初衷未能有效实现。The Song court adjusted the way of giving salt to officials to adapt to the pursuit of salt profit by the state under the monopoly system.On the one hand,the Song government provided“salary salt”and“reward salt”for senior officials to show their favor.On the other hand,the Song court allowed most official families to buy salt only in the market,thus increasing the number of people who ate official salt,which was conducive to the growth of the national salt revenue.And different from the widespread restriction on buying salt in private households,the Pinguan family in Song Dynasty was exempted from the scientific allocation for a long time,which reflected the care of officials.However,the free purchase of salt by officials in the market and the weak restriction on officials smuggling activities by law created conditions for officials smuggling and profiteering,which further divided the income of the national salt curriculum under the monopoly system,and the original intention of the national system adjustment was not effectively realized.

关 键 词：官员 食盐消费 市场 科配 宋代 

分 类 号：F319.56[经济管理—产业经济]