石蒜与萱草远缘杂交育种研究  

Distant Hybridization Breeding between Lycoris and Hemerocallis

作　　者：周贝蓓 柯雯欣 吕奕 高亦珂[1] Zhou Beibei;Ke Wenxin;Lv Yi;Gao Yike(College of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture,Haidian 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院国家花卉工程技术研究中心,北京海淀100083

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第5期25-31,共7页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：大学生创新创业训练项目(X202110022082)。

摘　　要：目的:为培育石蒜属植物新品种(系)提供参考依据。方法:以石蒜属(Lycoris)、朱顶红属(Hippeastrum)、萱草属(Hemerocallis)植物为试材,采用花粉离体培养、田间杂交、胚拯救等方法,研究了石蒜属植物在远缘杂交过程中的生殖隔离。结果:1、在花粉活力测定中,所得最适宜朱顶红花粉萌发的培养基组成为:70 g/L蔗糖+5 mg/L硼酸+0.01 g/L氯化钙+50 g/LPEG-4000;萱草组花粉的最适培养基组成为:100 g/L蔗糖+0.3 mg/L硼酸+0.4 mg/L氯化钙。2、以石蒜属植物作母本,设计8个杂交组合试验,结果表明子房膨大率随杂交组合的不同而呈现差异性,其中与四倍体萱草杂交组合所得平均子房膨大率为59.81%,高于二倍体萱草组(33.12%)。3、胚拯救初期,各组合获得胚珠0~44个,其中鹿葱×萱草‘金娃娃’组合最多,中国石蒜×萱草‘金娃娃’组合最少。胚珠膨大率随杂交组合的不同出现差异,7个杂交组合的胚珠均发生膨大,膨大率在1.79%~96.15%之间。其中鹿葱×'Custard Candy'组合胚珠膨大率较高(96.15%),稻草石蒜×'Custard Candy'组合的胚珠膨大率极低(1.79%)。4、石蒜属植物与多倍体萱草杂交后代胚拯救最适培养基配方为MS+1.0 mg/LNAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+60.0 g/L蔗糖和MS+2.0 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+60.0 g/L蔗糖,60 d后1个胚珠萌发,诱导率为0.709%,不定芽繁殖系数为4;5个胚珠存活未萌发。结论:石蒜与萱草存在严重生殖隔离,通过胚拯救,远缘杂交所得胚珠已萌动,还需进行杂种鉴定以及后续分析。Objective:Lycoris,Hippeastrum and Hemerocallis were selected as the experimental material.Methods:By the methods of vitro pollen germination,hybridization under field conditions,embryo res-cue,reproductive isolation during distant crosses of Lycoris was studied to provide reference for cultivat-ing new varieties of Lycoris.Results:1.In the determination of pollen vitality,the most optimal medium for pollen germination of Hippeastrum was 70 g/L sucrose+5 mg/L H3BO3+0.01 g/L CaCl2+50 g/L PEG-4000;the most optimal medium of Hemerocallis was 100 g/L sucrose+0.3 mg/LH3BO3+0.4 mg/L CaCl2.2.Lycoris were selected as the female parent,and 8 hybrid combinations were designed.The re-sults showed that the rates of the intumescent ovaries were different with different crosses,among which the average intumescent ovaries rate between tetraploid Hemerocallis and Lycoris was 59.81%,which was higher than that of diploid Hemerocallis(33.12%).3.In the early period of embryo rescue,each combi-nation obtained ovules ranging from 0 to 44,among which the combination between L.squamigera and H.'Stella de Oro'was the most,and the combination between L.chinensis and H.'Stella de Oro'was the least.The rate of the intumescent ovules varied with the crosses,among which the intumescent rate of sev-en crosses ranging from 1.79%to 96.15%.Among them,the ovules intumescent rate of L.squamigera×H.'Custard Candy'was the highest(96.15%),and the ovules intumescent rate of L.straminea×H.'Cus-tard Candy'was the lowest(1.79%).4.The most optimal medium for embryo rescue of the hybrid proge-nies of Lycoris and polyploid Hemerocallis were MS+1.0 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+60.0 g/L sucrose and MS+2.0 mg/L NAA+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+60.0 g/L sucrose.After 60 d,1 ovule was emerged,with the rate of 0.709%,and the adventitious bud propagation coefficient was 4;5 ovules survived without germi-nation.To sum up,there was serious reproductive isolation between Lycoris and Hemerocallis.Conclu-sion:By embryo rescue,the ovules had been germinated,and then identification of hybrid

关 键 词：石蒜 萱草 花粉离体培养 远缘杂交 胚拯救 

分 类 号：S603.3[农业科学—园艺学]