钱穆关于先秦诸子起源的论述及意义  

Qian Mu’s Discussion on the Origins of Pre-Qin Scholars and Its Significance

作　　者：李长银[1] LI Chang-yin(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Ji’nan 250100,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期151-163,共13页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“‘古史辨运动’与中国传统学术转型研究”(20FZSB093)。

摘　　要：先秦诸子起源是关系诸子学近代转型的关键性问题之一。在这一问题的讨论上,钱穆既不完全否定传统的“诸子出于王官”论,又不完全赞同胡适的“诸子不出于王官论”,而是认为“王官之学衰而诸子兴”。其中,开诸子之先者为儒家,而“儒家起于艺士”;继之而起的是墨家,而“墨家起于工人集团”。此后,“其他诸家,皆从儒墨生”。这些观点在当时学界引起了较大关注,可以说进一步澄清了诸子起源的真相。当然,钱穆的观点不能成为定论,但其着眼于社会生活流品的思路,无疑开启了诸子起源研究的新方向。而其说更重要的意义在于进一步彰显了诸子学的平民精神。The origins of pre-Qin scholars are one of the key issues in the modern transformation of the scholarship of pre-Qin scholars.In discussing this issue,Qian Mu neither completely rejects the traditional theory that“pre-Qin scholars came from royal officials”,nor totally agrees with Hu Shi’s theory that“pre-Qin scholars did not come from royal officials”;rather,he argues that“the scholarship of royal officials declined while that of pre-Qin scholars flourished”.The genesis of scholars is Confucianism,and“Confucianism arose from those who mastered the classical Six Arts”.Confucianism was followed by Mohism,and“Mohism originated from the workers’group”.After that,“all other schools of thought arose from Confucianism and Mohism”.These views attracted much attention in the academic world at that time,and they can be said to have further clarified the truth about the origins of pre-Qin scholars.Admittedly,Qian Mu’s view is inconclusive,but his idea of focusing on the social life classes undoubtedly opens up a new direction in the study of the origins of pre-Qin scholars.The greater significance of his statement lies in the fact that it further highlights the civic spirit of the scholarship of pre-Qin scholars.

关 键 词：钱穆 先秦诸子起源 社会生活流品 平民精神 中国近代诸子学史 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学] K203K207