东亚炮舰外交危机:日美英法对鼓浪屿公共租界的博弈  

A Crisis of Gunboat Diplomacy in East Asia:The Struggles for the Kulangsu International Settlement among Japan,the US,Britain and France

作　　者：张志云 姜水谣 ZHANG Zhi-yun;JIANG Shui-yao(School of Humanities,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院,上海200030

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期164-172,共9页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国海关史”(21&ZD220)。

摘　　要：1939年的鼓浪屿事件是观察日本摸索应对在华公共租界之道的重要案例。1939年5月,日军派炮舰及海军陆战队登陆鼓浪屿公共租界,并向工部局提出改组公共租界行政的五条要求。这是抗战爆发后日本首次同时向英美法三国进行炮舰外交。三国一改往日对日妥协的态度,首次在东亚组成统一战线,拒绝日本要求并派出炮舰与之对峙,双方交涉长达五个月。事态的恶化超出预估,隐然有因鼓浪屿弹丸之地而导致日本与欧美列强开战的外交危机。谈判中日本态度一变再变,但英美法坚持合作,直至9月德国入侵波兰,英法撤军,美国独木难支,才最终同意在工部局中多任命一名日籍警务督察,鼓浪屿事件因此落幕。反观日本,其进退失据的举措使其未能染指工部局的行政权。此次事件既反映出抗战的国际性,也反映出全面抗战初期日本对外关系的局限性。In May 1939,the Imperial Navy of Japan sent gunboats and marines to the International Settlement of Kulangsu,imposing five demands for extending its control over the administration of the Kulangsu Municipal Council.Britain,the US and France responded by sending gunboats to Kulangsu.The negotiations among the four powers lasted for over five months.However,in September,with Nazi Germany invading Poland,Britain and France retreated from Kulangsu.The US was unable to resist Japanese aggression alone.Thus,the four powers finally agree to appoint another Japanese police inspector to the Kulangsu Municipal Council.The Kulangsu Incident of 1939 showed that the War of Resistance had been internationalized,and that Japan's wartime diplomacy had limitations before the outbreak of the Pacific War.It also indicated that the Kulangsu Municipal Council had built up a cosmopolitan administration.

关 键 词：鼓浪屿事件 公共租界 炮舰外交 抗日战争 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]