“双碳”目标下氢能高质量发展思考及建议  

Analysis and Suggestions on High-quality Hydrogen Energy Development under Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goals

作　　者：杨卫胜 王月[1] 李庆勋[1] Yang Weisheng;Wang Yue;Li Qingxun(PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气股份有限公司石油化工研究院

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2023年第2期12-20,39,共10页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“电解制氢-合成氨耦合仿真平台和集成工艺开发”(编号:2021YFB4000404)。

摘　　要：近年发达国家加快布局清洁氢产业,美国重视氢能交通示范,欧盟推进能源转型授权法案,日本着力多场景氢能应用、布局氨能等氢基燃料。我国风电、光伏发电产业快速发展,为如期实现“双碳”目标提供了重要的绿色能源。中国政府扶持氢能产业发展,大型能源央企结合既有业务,重点布局绿氢制取和氢能交通等领域,积极开展管道掺氢、管道输氢示范研究,电解水制氢技术不断突破,绿氨成为储氢热点。多个万吨级可再生能源电解制氢项目开工建设,绿氢在化工、交通、电力等领域的应用示范取得积极进展。目前我国氢能尚处于产业化初期,存在绿氢占比偏低、绿氢制取消纳成本高、氢储运供需错配、氢储能效率偏低等问题,需要发挥新型举国体制优势,加快关键核心技术攻关,完善标准体系建设和配套政策,推进氢能应用示范,充分发挥不同地区比较优势,实现氢能产业差异化发展。Developed countries have accelerated clean hydrogen industrial distribution in recent years.The United States attaches importance to demonstration of hydrogen energy transportation while the European Union promotes the act of energy transition authorization.Japan concentrates efforts on hydrogen energy application against a multiple of situations and distributes hydrogen-based fuel like ammonia energy.China’s rapid development of wind and photovoltaic power industry provides important green energy for fulfillment of the“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”goal as scheduled.The Chinese government supports hydrogen energy industrial development.Based on their established businesses,the large-scale stateowned energy enterprises have focused on distribution of green hydrogenation and hydrogen energy transportation and made a demonstrative study of pipeline hydrogen additive and hydrogen transportation by pipelines.Breakthroughs have been continuously made in hydrogen production technology by electrolysis of water with green ammonia becoming the hot spot of storing hydrogen.A number of 10,000-ton renewable energy projects for hydrogen production by electrolysis of water are under construction.The progress has been made in demonstration of green hydrogen application in the areas of chemicals,transportation and electric power,currently,China’s hydrogen energy is still in its preliminary stage of industrialization.There are some problems in this area,such as low proportion of green hydrogen,high cost for green hydrogen production and consumption,spatial and temporal mismatch of hydrogen storage and transportation,and low efficiency in storage of hydrogen energy.It is necessary to take advantage of the new national system,accelerate the R&D efforts for core technologies,perfect the system of standards and related policies and promote demonstration of hydrogen energy application.The comparative advantages of the different regions should be brought into full play to realize differential hydrogen energy industrial deve

关 键 词：碳达峰 碳中和 氢能 储能 产业 技术 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]