氨能产业发展现状及展望  

Present Conditions and Prospects of Ammonia Energy Industrial Development

作　　者：杜东[1] 王小林[1] 张国生[1] 唐玮[1] Du Dong;Wang Xiaolin;Zhang Guosheng;Tang Wei(PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《石油科技论坛》2023年第2期96-104,共9页PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORUM

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司决策支持项目“中国石油氨能产业链发展规划研究”。

摘　　要：氨作为清洁能源,可为我国未来清洁低碳能源体系提供重要补充。从氨合成、氨储运、氨能利用3个方面阐述国内外氨能产业发展现状,分析氨能利用的优劣势,氨具有成为发动机替代燃料的潜力,是良好的燃料电池燃料、高效安全的氢载体,同时氨燃料也存在燃烧特性不理想、可能产生污染和安全问题等不足。对氨能利用进行技术及经济可行性分析,绿氨合成技术成熟度较高,经济性尚不理想;氨储运技术成熟,基础设施完善;氨作为氢载体应用日趋成熟,发展潜力巨大。我国氨能发展面临着合成氨碳排放量高、绿氨大规模低成本合成技术成熟度不够、氨能利用缺乏体制机制及标准支撑等问题,建议进一步加大关键核心技术研发力度,科学布局氨能全产业链,全面提升氨能开发利用水平与科技创新能力。Ammonia energy is a kind of clean energy that can be used as an important part to supplement China’s future clean and low-carbon energy system.This paper elaborates the present conditions of the ammonia energy industrial development both inside and outside China in three areas of ammonia synthesis,ammonia storage and transportation,and utilization of ammonia energy.It also makes analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of ammonia energy utilization.Ammonia has the potential for being used as substitute fuel for engines.It is a good fuel for fuel battery and a high-effective and safe carrier for hydrogen.However,ammonia fuel has some disadvantages,such as undesirable burning character,likeliness of pollution and safety issues.Based on the technological and economic feasibility study of ammonia energy utilization,green ammonia synthesis technology has a high maturity but the economic feasibility is not satisfactory.The ammonia storage and transportation technology is also mature while the infrastructure is perfect.The use of ammonia as hydrogen carrier is increasingly mature with a great potential for development.China’s ammonia energy development faces a number of problems,such as high carbon emission from synthetic ammonia,unsatisfactory maturity of large-scale and cost-effective synthesis technology for green ammonia,and shortage of the structuring mechanism and support of standards for ammonia energy utilization.It is proposed to strengthen the R&D efforts for the key and core technology,scientifically distribute the full ammonia energy industrial chains,and improve the ammonia energy development and utilization level and the technological innovation capacity.

关 键 词：氨能 氨合成 氨储运 氢载体 绿氨 燃料电池 产业发展 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TQ113.2[化学工程—无机化工] F426.2[经济管理—产业经济]