复合有机生物菌肥对寒旱山区藜麦生长及产量的影响  

Effects of Compound Biological Bacterial Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Quinoa in Cold and Arid Mountainous Areas

作　　者：王爱民[1,2] 王耀 李良斌[1,2] 孙建蓉 雷成军 WANG Aimin;WANG Yao;LI Liangbin;SUN Jianrong;LEI Chengjun(Agricultural Technology Promotion Centre of Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County,Tianzhu Gansu 733299,China;Tianzhu County Plateau Quinoa Research Institute,Tianzhu Gansu 733299,China)

机构地区：[1]天祝藏族自治县农业技术推广中心,甘肃天祝733299 [2]天祝县高原藜麦研究院,甘肃天祝733299

出　　处：《寒旱农业科学》2023年第5期437-441,共5页Journal of Cold-Arid Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：藜麦具有较高的营养价值,也是寒旱山区最具发展潜力的农作物之一。为探索藜麦生产中利用复合有机生物菌肥替代化肥的最佳施肥方案,实现藜麦绿色生产,以陇黎1号为指示品种,选用8种不同成分的复合有机生物菌肥,在不改变天祝寒旱山区藜麦生产施肥水平和方式的前提下,研究了不同复合有机生物菌肥对藜麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明,基施复合有机生物菌肥LNNK2020-FLPF004[有机质≥20%,总养分≥15%(5-6-4),中量元素≥5%(2-1-2),微量素≥2%(Fe+多效唑+Mn+Se),有效活菌数CFU≥5亿个/g,水分≤30%,微生物菌种为枯草芽孢杆菌、绿色木霉]1800 kg/hm^(2)时,藜麦折合产量最高,为3048.94 kg/hm^(2),较常规施肥(基施尿素60 kg/hm^(2)、磷酸二铵285 kg/hm^(2)、硫酸钾120 kg/hm^(2))增产74.29%,增产极显著;株高最高,为208.73 cm,较常规施肥高5.87 cm;单株粒重较重,为57.98 g,较常规施肥增加33.46 g;单株分枝数较常规施肥少0.5个;生育期与常规施肥相同,均为168 d。在天祝寒旱山区藜麦生产中,建议施用复合有机生物菌肥LNNK2020-FLPF0041800 kg/hm^(2),有利于实现藜麦产量提升。Quinoa has high nutritional values and is considered to be one of the best crops with the most development potential in cold and aridmountainous areas.In order to find out the best fertilization plan for replacing chemical fertilizer with compound organic biomicrobial fertilizer so as to realize the green production of quinoa,based on the conventional fertilization level and management of quinoa production in Tianzhu cold and arid mountainous areas,Longli 1 was taken as the experiment variety and 8 organic biomicrobial fertilizers with diverse compositions were applied to study the effects of different compound biological bacterial fertilizers on the the growth and yield of quino.The results showed that basal application of organic fertilizer LNNK2020-FLPF004[composition listed as organic matter≥20%,total nutrients≥15%(5-6-4),medium elements≥5%(2-1-2),trace elements≥2%(Fe+paclobutrazol+Mn+Se),effective viable count CFU≥500 million/g,moisture≤30%,microbial species including Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride]at the rate of 1800 kg/ha achieved the higest average yield of quinoa which was 3048.94 kg/ha,it was 74.29%higher compared with that of the conventional fertilization(basal application of urea at 60 kg/ha,diammonium phosphate at 285 kg/ha and potassium sulfate at 120 kg/ha)which showed significant yield increase effect.In this treatment,the highest plant height,i.e.,208.73 cm,was obtained which was 5.87 cm higher that that of the coventional fertilization the grain weight per plant was relatively heavy,i.e.,57.98,which was 33.46 g higher compared with that of the coventional fertilization,the number of branches per plant was 0.5 less than that of the coventional fertilization,and the growth period was the same as the coventional fertilization,i.e.,168 d.Therefore,it is recommanded to apply the compound organic fertilizer LNNK 2020-FLPF004 at the rate of 1800 kg/ha for the quinoa production in Tianzhu cold and arid mountainous areas to achieve yield increase.

关 键 词：寒旱山区 藜麦 复合有机生物菌肥 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S512.9[农业科学—作物学]