节瓜种子大小的主基因+多基因遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis on Seed Size of Chieh-qua by Mixture Model of Major Genes and Polygenes

作　　者：高银 彭家柱 汪国平[1] 乔燕春 GAO Yin;PENG Jiazhu;WANG Guoping;QIAO Yanchun(College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510308,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510642 [2]广州市农业科学研究院,广东广州510308

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2023年第4期51-59,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金种业振兴项目(2022NPY01004);广州市科技计划项目(202002020086);广州市支农资金项目(21102266)。

摘　　要：【目的】对节瓜种子长度、宽度、质量进行主基因+多基因遗传分析,研究种子大小的遗传规律,选育优质节瓜品种。【方法】利用节瓜自交系J16(大粒种)为母本、18FJ5(小粒种)为父本进行杂交,对F2代种子的长度、宽度以及种子质量进行测定,并利用主基因+多基因混合模型分析得到各性状的最适遗传模型及遗传规律。【结果】节瓜种子长度和宽度的最适合遗传模型均为MX2-ADI-AD,即2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因遗传模型,主基因遗传率分别为87.07%和90.79%,两者多基因遗传率均为0。30粒种子质量的最适合遗传模型为MX1-AD-ADI,即1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,主基因和多基因遗传率分别为79.96%和8.73%。【结论】上述性状的主基因遗传率均远大于多基因遗传率,以主基因遗传为主。建议在节瓜优质育种过程中要重视利用主基因,可在早期世代进行选择。【Objective】Genetic analysis of major gene and polygenes was conducted on the length,width,and quality of Chieh-qua seeds to study the genetic rules of seed size and select high-quality Chieh-qua varieties.【Method】Chieh-qua inbred line J16(big seed)was used as female parent and 18FJ5(small seed)as male parent to hybridize,and the length,width and seed quality of F2 generation seeds were determined.What’s more,the optimal genetic model and genetic law of each trait were obtained by using the mixed model of main gene+polygene.【Result】The most suitable genetic model for Chieh-qua seed length and width was MX2-ADI-AD,that is,two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic main genes+additive-dominant polygenes genetic model,with the main gene heritability of 87.07%and 90.79%,respectively,and the polygene heritability of both was 0.The most suitable genetic model for the quality of 30 seeds was MX1-AD-ADI,that is,a pair of additive-dominant major genes+additive-dominant-epistatic polygenes genetic model,with the heritability of major genes and polygenes being 79.96%and 8.73%,respectively.【Conclusion】The major gene heritability of the above traits is far greater than the polygene heritability,and the main gene inheritance is dominant.Therefore,in the process of high-quality breeding of Chieh-qua,we should pay attention to the use of major genes,which can be selected in the early generation.

关 键 词：节瓜 种子长度 种子宽度 种子质量 主基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S642.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]