就业状态、性别角色预期与中国城镇夫妻的主观幸福感  

Employment Status,Gender Roles Expectation and Spousal Subjective Feeling of Well-Being in Urban China

作　　者：王鹏[1] 吴愈晓[2] WANG Peng;WU Yu-xiao(School of Philosophy and Social Development,Shandong University,Ji’nan 250100,China;School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学哲学与社会发展学院,山东济南250100 [2]南京大学社会学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期92-101,共10页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“移动互联时代中国城镇女性的母职重构与职业发展研究”(20BSH041);国家社会科学基金重点项目“中产阶层生活状况和社会态度研究”(19ASH007)。

摘　　要：通过分析“2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS2015)”数据,并借鉴家庭压力理论,将家庭性别分工和社会结构性因素作为分析框架,着重探讨夫妻相对就业状态对中国城镇夫妻主观幸福感的影响。研究发现:第一,个体的主观幸福感会受到自己或配偶的就业状态的影响。第二,夫妻相对就业状态对主观幸福感的影响存在性别差异:对于男性而言,自己就业与否与幸福感关系密切,但妻子是否就业不影响幸福感;对于女性而言,自己就业与否与幸福感无关,但丈夫是否就业会显著影响幸福感。这是不同性别的角色预期不同所致的。第三,夫妻相对就业状态对主观幸福感的影响在不同社会经济地位的群体中是不一样的:相比高教育程度的男性,自己就业对低教育程度男性幸福感的提升作用要更高;丈夫就业可以提升低教育程度女性的幸福感,但是对高教育程度的女性没有影响。这是不同社会经济地位群体所面临的经济压力不同所导致的。An analysis of“2015 Comprehensive Social Investigation in China”data with reference to the family pressure theory,taking gender division and social structural factors as analysis framework,focusing on the subjective feeling of well-being affected by employment status of spouses leads to the discoveries as follows:First,individual subjective feeling of well-being may be affected by employment status of themselves and their spouses.Second,the subjective feeling of well-being differs between genders:for the male,employment is closely related to his sense of well-being,his wife’s employment status not affecting him;for the female,it is roughly the opposite.This results from different role expectations between genders.Third,the subjective feeling of well-being from the couples’employment status differs between groups of different social status:employment proves to be more influential for those males with a lower education than others,the husband's employment affecting women with a lower education,not for those with a higher education.This is the result of different economic pressure faced by groups of different economic status.

关 键 词：夫妻相对就业状态 性别角色预期 主观幸福感 

分 类 号：C913.2[经济管理]