社区建成环境对老年人身心健康的影响路径分析——基于江浙皖3个城市的比较研究  

An Analysis of the Influence of Community Built Environment on the Physical and Mental Health of the Elderly:A Comparative Study of Three Cities in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui

作　　者：江彩玲 何仲禹[1] JIANG Cailing;HE Zhongyu

机构地区：[1]南京大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《上海城市规划》2023年第2期125-132,共8页Shanghai Urban Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“高龄社会背景下建成环境对中老年人群健康的主动干预研究”(编号51678288)资助。

摘　　要：我国人口老龄化现象正在进一步加剧,老年群体的健康问题值得关注,而目前社区建成环境成为干预其健康的重要着力点。以江浙皖地区内3个典型城市为例,利用Arc GIS空间分析获取老年人日常生活圈内的客观建成环境并以此作为地理背景,以“客观建成环境—个体感知—体力/休闲活动—健康”为路径构建结构方程模型,分析3个城市老年人健康的受影响机制并比较异同。结果发现,3个城市有相同的影响路径和不同的影响机制。南京市客观建成环境通过影响老年人主观建成环境感知间接影响休闲活动强度,进而影响心理健康;合肥市客观建成环境通过影响老年人主观建成环境感知间接影响体力活动强度,进而影响生理健康;嘉兴市客观建成环境通过影响老年人主观建成环境感知间接影响休闲活动强度,进而影响生理健康。基于研究结果,进一步验证主观感知和个体活动强度起到的中介效应,以期为建设老年友好社区提供相关建议。The aging of population in China is accelerating,and the health of the elderly deserves our attention.At present,the community built environment has become a breakthrough to intervene in their health.Three typical cities in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Anhui are chosen as study samples.We use ArcGIS spatial analysis tools to obtain the built environment of the elder people's neighborhood,and construct a structural equation model to explore the relationship between the built environment and the elderly's health,with subjective perception and physical/leisure activity as mediating factors.We find out similar mechanisms in the three cities but the significances of specific variables are different.In Nanjing,the objective built environment affects mental health with subjective perception and leisure activity as mediating factors.In Hefei,the objective built environment affects physical health with subjective perception and physical activity as mediating factors.In Jiaxing,the objective built environment affects physical health with subjective perception and leisure activity as mediating factors.We propose policy implications based on the findings of the paper.

关 键 词：建成环境 主观感知 中介效应 老年人 健康城市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]