黄河口磷和重金属的沉积和污染特征  

Deposition and pollution characteristics of phosphorus and heavy metals in the Yellow River Estuary

作　　者：王依滴 欧阳威[2] 林春野[2] 刘连华 周思杨 郝新 WANG Yidi;OUYANG Wei;LIN Chunye;LIU Lianhua;ZHOU Siyang;HAO Xin(Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;China Waterborne Transport Research Institute,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]交通运输部水运科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第5期28-35,共8页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金(No.2022M720230);国家自然科学基金(No.42107394)。

摘　　要：大型河流河口是陆地和海洋之间水和物质通量输送的重要界面.近几十年来,在人为因素和自然因素的共同影响下,黄河水沙环境的变化加剧了河口的生态风险和敏感性.本研究通过实地采样和历史水文资料相结合的方法,采用多元统计方法综合分析了泥沙的沉积趋势和黄河口磷和重金属的污染特征.结果发现:黄河口区的泥沙主要受陆源输入的控制,粉土是黄河口沉积的主要组分,也是向海洋输送的主要物质.黄河口表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr和P含量平均值分别为12.38、0.15、57.08和495.76 mg·kg^(-1).As和Cd的含量空间分布模式表现出相似的趋势,高值集中分布在研究区东南部.Cr和P的平均含量空间分布模式表现出较为相似的趋势,高值主要集中分布在黄河的入海口和沿岸区.Mantel test相关性分析表明,具有较大比表面积的小颗粒对重金属和磷具有较高的吸附量.重金属和磷同样作为典型的面源污染物,特别是在农业为主导的黄河流域,与大多数沉积物的物理化学因子表现出显著的正相关关系.黄河口是弱潮汐河口,相对稳定的环境可以保证从河口污染状况的角度来处理流域面源污染问题的可靠性“.水文历史资料-沉积物地球化学”组合方法不仅适用于黄河的水沙管理和污染控制,而且在其它大流域和河口的综合分析中具有优势.对河口污染历史和未来演变的认识,将为世界大型河口的环境质量控制提出更多的建议.Large river estuaries are important interfaces for transporting water and matter fluxes between land and sea.In recent decades,under the influence of both human and natural factors,the change in water bodies and sediments of the Yellow River has intensified the ecological risk and sensitivity of the estuary.In this study,the trend of sediment deposition and the characteristics of phosphorus and heavy metal pollution in the Yellow River Estuary were analyzed comprehensively using field sampling and historical hydrological data.The results show that the sediment in the Yellow River estuary is mainly controlled by erogenous input;likewise,silt is the main component of sediment in the Yellow River Estuary and the primary material transported to the sea.The average contents of As,Cd,Cr and P in the surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary were 12.38,0.15,57.08 and 495.76 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The spatial distribution patterns of As and Cd contents showed similar trends,and the highest concentrations occurred in the southeastern part of the study area.The spatial distribution patterns of the mean content of Cr and P showed a similar trend,and the high content was mainly distributed in the estuary and the coastal area of the Yellow River.Mantel test correlation analysis showed that small particles with larger specific surface areas had higher adsorption capacity for heavy metals and phosphorus.Heavy metals and phosphorus are also typical nonpoint source pollutants,especially in the Yellow River Basin,which is dominated by agriculture,and the physical and chemical factors of most sediments show significant positive correlations.The Yellow River estuary is a weak tidal estuary,and the relatively stable environment can ensure the reliability of dealing with non-point source pollution from the perspective of estuary pollution status.The combined method of"hydrology historical data and sediment geochemistry"is not only suitable for water and sediment management and pollution control of the Yellow River but also has a

关 键 词：黄河口 磷和重金属 面源污染 Mantel test 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]