巢湖水体中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析与风险评价  

Pollution characteristics,source apportionment and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lake Chaohu

作　　者：张锡涛 彭书传[1] 王继忠[1] 张席席 黄贵凤 陈广洲[3] ZHANG Xitao;PENG Shuchuan;WANG Jizhong;ZHANG Xixi;HUANG Guifeng;CHEN Guangzhou(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009;Guangzhou GRG Metrology&Test(Hefei)CO.,LID,Hefei 230088;School of Energy and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University of architecture,Hefei 230061)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学,资源与环境工程学院,合肥230009 [2]广电计量检测(合肥)股份有限公司,合肥230088 [3]安徽建筑大学,能源与环境工程学院,合肥230061

出　　处：《环境科学学报》2023年第5期47-57,共11页Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.41390244,41772035);安徽省重点研发计划(No.2022107020025)。

摘　　要：环境介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的调查研究一直是行业热点,对于大气和土壤中PAHs污染的研究相对较多,但是由于水体环境的复杂性,对水体中PAHs污染研究一直较少,巢湖作为中国五大淡水湖之一,水体的污染情况一直受到广泛关注,其中大多数研究集中在巢湖的水体富营养化问题上,对于水体中PAHs污染的调查分析较少,但是PAHs因其难降解和“致癌致畸致突变”的性质对人体健康会造成潜在威胁,所以对于巢湖水体PAHs污染的分析研究是十分必要的.本文采集了巢湖35个采样点的溶解相和悬浮颗粒物相样品,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定样品中16种PAHs的浓度,分析了巢湖水体中PAHs的浓度分布和组成特征,利用生态风险墒值法进行生态风险评价,并通过正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF5.0)对样品中PAHs进行来源解析.结果表明,Σ16PAHs的浓度范围在溶解相样品中为83.8~174.2 ng·L^(-1),在悬浮颗粒相样品中的浓度为557.7~4543.9 ng·g^(-1),平均含量分别为115.2 ng·L^(-1)和2048.7 ng·g^(-1),其中溶解相中的3环和4环PAHs占比较大,而颗粒物相中3环和4环PAHs占比同样较高,不过要低于溶解相,此外颗粒物相中5环PAHs的比重也较大.通过对溶解相和悬浮颗粒物相分别进行正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF5.0)模型的计算,表明溶解相PAHs污染主要来自生物质与煤炭燃烧和汽油燃烧源,分别为31.07%和30.69%,颗粒物相PAHs污染主要来自柴油燃烧源和生物质与煤炭燃烧,分别为30.75%和29.23%,石油源对两相的PAHs污染贡献均较低.生态熵值法结果表明巢湖水体的PAHs污染处于中等风险水平.通过上述研究方法以期得到对巢湖水体PAHs污染的综合判断,研究结果可为巢湖水体PAHs污染的治理提供科学依据.The investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAH)pollution in environmental media has been a hot spot in the industry.While there are many studies on PAHs in atmosphere and soil,the corresponding research on their existence in water is scarce for the complexity of aqueous environments.Lake Chaohu,as one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China,has been widely concerned about its water pollution.Most of the studies focused on the eutrophication of Lake Chaohu,with less investigation and analysis on the PAH pollution.However,PAHs might pose a potential threat to human health due to their persistence,carcinogenicity,teratogenicity,and mutagenicity.So a thorough study on PAH pollution in Lake Chaohu is of great significance.Dissolved and suspended particulate samples were collected from 35 sampling sites in Lake Chaohu.The concentrations of 16 PAHs in the samples were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The concentration distribution and composition characteristics of PAHs in Lake Chaohu were analyzed,and the ecological risk assessment was carried out by using the ecological risk moisture value method.Besides,the source of PAHs in samples was analyzed by the positive definite matrix factor decomposition method(PMF5.0).The results shows that the concentrations ofΣ16PAHs ranged from 83.8 to 174.2 ng·L^(-1) in dissolved samples and from 557.7 to 4543.9 ng·g^(-1) in suspended particulate samples.The average concentrations ofΣ16PAHs were 115.2 ng·L^(-1) and 2048.7 ng·g^(-1).The proportion of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs in the dissolved phase and suspended particulate phase is relatively large,but the proportion of 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs in the suspended particulate phase is lower than that in the dissolved phase.In addition,the proportion of 5-ring PAHs in the particulate phase was also large.The PMF5.0 model shows that PAHs in dissolved phase mainly came from biomass/coal combustion and gasoline combustion,which were 31.07%and 30.69%respectively.On the other hand,PAHs in particulate phas

关 键 词：多环芳烃 溶解相 悬浮颗粒物相 生态风险评价 源解析 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4